I c r t r c «iiiiJI.« «-«-«Pfif» «-*ii T f c f f t iijMffi ?• «^i«^ «• ^ ^r^i r f r r f « «^cw^ « • «^ti« € « «^«^ * «^ f C if 1 « « « • • • • «ji 1 ^ «^ r « c r f c f m € i m m m m 4 m « i i^
MM « C f f i « Jt ijt ^LIIJIIU* *JM
r < » « € i M 1 1 « « m 'mmmm t « i^
M MMM M m M m^ M M '• 4 3i M m M MJk
t tm M M < m i -M m m m mmm m m mm t M M 1 X i jt M M m 4 m n n si n :4 m t t *Mm € :t :« « M § % i m m m m «
t MM M 'M i i M M M M I M M m M M J
t MM MMm « a « f M M M M m m mm m
M MM M Mm M M mmmnM MbM^mm Cm x^« 1 MM MMM t mmm mmmM^
M M MM f 'MJtM MMMM 'M M Hyi yl M « MMMMMUmMMMMMMMmmMM MM'MJt Ijl.ii.
mmm
W^
^.MJILJk^-BrJkJ^
-M W^
■*^l^
jp* 1^ 'W w
I ^ ^ 1-
^.M
W %
y%*y*kfA'
^^^
'^y^^^w
■*^V^
'*3at ''^ii -ia«
-'■*s^'i^*W*^
(Mv
'^mlfm
speciAL coUecxrlONS
t)OUQLAS LibRAK^
queeN's UNiveRSiiy
AT klNQSrON
kiNQSTON ONTARiO CANADA
OL^lS.
VINDICATION
OF THE
Bifhop of Exeter.
Price One Shilling,
i-4- a*?
A
VINDICATION
O F The Right Reverend
The Lord Bishop
EXETER^
Occafioned by y'^t4^
Mr. Benjamin Hoadly's REFLECTIONS
O N H I S
Lordship's T^wo Sermons Oj Government^
Preached in St. Dunfians Church, March 8, 1 704. And before Her Ma]efty^ March 8, 1708.
And one of them that flood by^ [mote him on the Mouthy and faid ^ Re-vilefi thou God's High- Triefi ? Ads 2;. 2, :;,4.
LONDON, Printed for A. Baldwin at the Oxford- Arms in Warwick- Lane. ijoP' -
(5)
A
VINDICATION
Of the Right Reverend
The Lord Bifliop o^ Exeter.
FANCT and Humour are fufficl- ent Pleas for Love in things furely fenfud : but the Affecti- ons of the Soul muft be accoun- ted for ; Nothing is more dangerous to :Mankind, than IntelUBud Dotage ; We are not to chufe Reafons by Fafhw'/t^ or to embrace an Hypothefis for the fake of its Colour 2ind Complextcn : but muft juftify what we belte-ve to the World, and never admire the Opinions of other Men, unlefs we are able to give a very A3 good
<n
6,0Z^>%il
6 A Vindication of the
good Account of their Real Beauty and Perfection. This alone has induc'd me to vindicate Mj Lord o/" Exeter, againft all, that Mr. Hoadly, under the Ti- tle of ConftderatioHs^ has lately been pleas'd to offer to the Publick ; I am in no other Relation to his LordJhip^th2Ln that of- an Admirer ; His Lord/hip is onlj known to me, as he is to the better Part of Mankind, by his Learned and Ratio- nal Writings ; and I muft own, I was with none of them better pleafed, than tho two Sermons now in Debate; They are my Favourites : and therefore I am particularly concerned, to juftify my Choice ; nor muft I forget my Obliga- tions to Mr. Hoadly, who has contri- buted very much to the Value I fet on thofe I nco?np arable Pieces ; He fhall not find me ungrateful: For I will inter- pofe between him, and the juil Refent- ments of a much abler Pen, which, with- out being further concerned at fuch Trifles, has already furnifhed me with Forces fufficient to withftand any At- tacks, that Mr. Hoadly, in his moil Jifured Intervals, fliall think fit to un- dertake.
I
Bijhop of Exeter. 7
I account it very Impertinent, to en- tertain my Reader with a Prefatory De- claration in favour of Truth: alTuring him, that I love her for her own fake, and defign to promote her Real Inte- reft with my bell: Powers ; I rather leave him to difcover this, if he can, in the Courfe of the Booky than that he fhould take my Word for it in the //?- troduciiort ; But there is a ^et of Men in the World, who are fond of this Form : and are ever now and then protefting to their Readers^ that they write for Truth : which is a good Cau- tion to all fuch, as are apt to miftake a Moral or Divine Treatife, for a Novel or Romance ; with juft as much Cir- cumfpe£lion, a Learned "J.'idge in a late Reign ufed to harangue his "Juries : This being the Common Exordium of
the Charge ■ — Gentlemen, IVe are
here affembled together this Daj for the
due Execution of Jujiice And it was
obferved, that fuch a Caution was ne- celTary at the opening oi the Courty for fear the reft of the Proceedings fhould give the By-{tanders any unlucky Ob- lervations to the contrary ; However, A 4 thar
y
8 A Vindication of the
that nothing of this might ever lie hard on Mr. Hoadly's Confcience, he has given us a Monumentd Inftance of his Love o^ Truth in his Proceedings againft my Lord of Exeter ; At the 2^^ P'^g^j he charges his Lordjhip, mth contrndici' ing the fUinefl Truths even to Jjionifh^ ment \ And at Page the T^oth^ he tells his Lordfhip^ that his Lordfhip has di- njejled the firii Kjngs of all Title to Civil Tower ; This is bad enough, tho not all: for at the 34?/; Page^ we have it roundly afTerted, That his Lordfhip vents Jftonijhing FofitionSy void of all Proof; Nay, his Lord/hip^ s Logick is reprefented yet worfe, if that be pof- fible : for at Page the 2Sth, His Lord- fjjip is accufed of Begging the Quefiion^ and at the ^']th Page^ of talking firangely and unaccountably • This is vafy'd yet once more, Page the 43 i, where Leave i^ asked for People to wonder at his Lord- fhip's way of Reafoning ; Nay, his Lord- jhip is prefumed to argue in fuch a manner, and to ufe fuch Expreflions, as even Mr. Hoadly, Bold as he pre- tends to be, can hardly care to repeaty Page the 38;i/; Ana yet worfe than
this
Bifho^ of Exeter. p
this is ftill behind : For at Fages the 34?^, 47^^, and 5//;, it is confidently iaggefted, that his Lordfhip has endea- voured to undermine the State : To bring dn Odium on the Queen : To condemn Her^ with all her Nobles^ and Bi^ops : To fink her Title to that only of a fuccefsftd Vfurpation : Nay even to touch the Ho- nour of God nearly^ and make the Gofpel Patronize the molt Abject and Vniverfal 'Shi/ery, Thefe are the heavy Charges \vith which Mr. Hoadly has loaded 'his Lord/hip : Thefe he undertakes to 'prove, and pin down on his Lordfhifs Confcience ; But he is certainly Confci- 'ous of having failed in this Underta- :king : For after all thefe mighty ?re* 'jarations^ fuch is his Love and Fond- Ticfsfor Truth, that he profelTes, Pages "the 4^/^, 5/"/', and 50^/7, to have a pro- found Veneration for his Lordfhip : Is fenfihle of his Lordfhip's Refutation and "Authority : Of the Honour and Refpect due to his Lordfliip's Name : Pronounces his Lordfhip to be an Excellent and Judi^ "cious Perjbn : and acknowledges his Lord- fliip's Integrity and Goodnefs^ and the Brightness of his LordQlip's Example ; ''■' ' Now"
lO
A Vindication of the
Now thefe are fuch Strains of Ama- rous Mr.HoADLv's Affetlion iovTruthy as I, dull Swain that I am, cannot yet attain to ; For if once I can prove, as Mr. H o A D L Y has already given me Hopes I fhall, that He too, in his turn, talks firdngely Jfionifltmgly and Vnac^ countahly : Has endeavoured to Vnder- mine the State^ and Depofe the Queen : Has promoted Slavery and Abjolute Sub- jetton : and made the Gofpel, and the Honour of God^ truckle to thefe At- tempts ; Nay, I dare prefume., I (hall prove all this againft Mr. Hoadly, as clearly and convincingly, as he has proved it againlt w/ Lord of Exeter : Whatever Refpecl I may have for Mr. Hoadly's Station and Characier^ I fhall defire to be excufed^ and fo I beUevp will all the World with me, from com- plementing Mr. Hoadly with Good- nefs and Integrity : Neither fhall I in- fill much on h^s Reputation and Honour^ the Excellency of his Judgment, or the Brightnefs of Ins Example.
Be the liTue of the Debate what it will, i fhall wave thefe Ceremonial To- picks) Let Mr. Hoadly tempt me as
he
Btjhop of Exeter. 1 1:
he pleafes, I fhall ufe him, for my own
fake, with Manners and Civility ; I
know Mr. Hoadly's Charader and
Fundion ; and if he forget it, That
fhall not impair my Memory ; Nor
can I otherwife requite his Civility to
stny Lord of Exeter, and therefore
fhall keep up to his Example : for I
^profefs to have as much Refpect for the
■ Sacerdotal Ovd^i'^ as Mr. Hoadly has
for the Epifcopal,
Indeed, this whole Controverfy might happily have been fpared, or have ended Amicatjly in a Point of Ho- nour : .if Mr. Hoadly had ftuck clofe to his own Rules of Behaviour^ and fuch as he takes the Freedom to prefcribe his Lordjhip, Page the 44?/^ ; It is the concluding Argument of his Book, and |fo doubtlefs of more than ordinary Weight and Energy ; The Defign of ic is to (hew his Lordjhip the Ill-breeding and Inctvtlity, of preiling the Doctrine of Non-Reft fiance, in Oppofition to the concurrent Opinion of Queen, Lords ^ BiJbcpSy Commons, and the whole Na- tion, comprehended under the Title of, People, exclufive of Tinkers and Coh^
krs^
12 A Vindication of tl)e
i&s, to make the Argument yet motTS mannerly : For all thefe held )uft the contrary Notion, at the time of the late ■Revolution ; Now, tho a Maintainer of the Doctrine of Reftfiance^ has no doubt abundant Reafon to complain of fuch a Pradice: Yet to this heavy 'Charge his Lordjhip might perhaps re- ply : That in Revolutions^ things are generally in a Hurry^ and Men do not acl fo deliberately as at other times ; But on a Day of Thankjgivtng^ in the Churchy and more immediate Prefence of God, in the Hfghefl Solemnity, and mofb ferious and deliberate Moments of Life, let us fuppofe a Sermon diftin£l- ly pronounced by a Reverend Prelate^ heard and approved by the fame Lordsy Gentlemen, and Commons, with an Ex- 'tellent and Pious J^een at the Head of them, by whole /pedal Command it was afterwards Publijbed : And what fdnmannerly Adventurer fhall offer to contradid. fuch an Auguffi Affembly, or tell them, that the ^een has thereby figned a Renuntiation of the Govern- ment, and the Lords and Commons ap- proved of a Difcourfe, wholly Stran^e^
Jfiomlb*
Bijhop of Exeter. ig
Afionijhingy Vn account able, and not fit to be Repeated? Or if any Vncourte* CHS Kjiigfjt fhould arife, and under- take fuch a rafli Attempt : Would it not be good Management and Stra- tagewy to deliver him up to Mr. Hoad- LY, to Chaftize him, as he defer- ved ?
Forms and Ceremonies are Things not infilled on by Mr. Hoadly, and therefore, for his Sake, I fhall overlook them : All that I think necelTary to a Vindication of My Lord of Exeter^ is, a fair State of the Cafe between Mr. HoApLY and his Lord/hip ; Which I fhall try to fet in a clear Light, and reprefsnt it as impartially as I can.
Nothing is more Difficult, than to find out the Golden Mean in Govern- ment : To fix the Voint and Centre of Security between Prince and People^ and to affign the true Standards of Liberty and Power y fo as to prevent Tyranny on the one fjde, and Confufion on the other ; It is eafy to fay, That the King ought not to Tyrannize, nor the People to Rebel : But the Difficul- ty arifes from that Co-ordinate Pow- er,
14. A Vindication of the
er, which e^ch Party claims of "Judg. ingfor it [elf \ And it is hard to fay, what the Suh]eci will call Tyranny^ and what the Sovereign will condemn for Rebellion \ Perhaps it is impoffible to determine between thefe Two : and God has left this Queftion Undecided^ on purpofs to fhew us the Uncertainty and Imperfection of Human Affairs : To convince us of the Necefjity of De- pending on him, and to make way for frequent Opportunities of Illuftra- ting his own more immsdiAte Provi- dence in the Government of the World. Men are not fatisfied with this Argument again ft Tjrannj, that there is a future Judgment appointed for the righting of opprelTed Nations : And therefore they are allowed to try all Projects^ at leaft in the Theory^ to find out fome better Security even in this Life. To me, the befi that has yet been difcovered, and that not fo much a Proje^, as a Confideraticn arifing from common Experience and Obfer- . vation, feems to be this : That as all Tyranny and Rebellion do Naturallj, and by Juji Confequences, draw on fuch Ca- lamities,
Bijhop of Exeter. 1 5
lamities, as fufficiently punifh the Authors and Contrivers of Pablick and NAtiond Mifchiefs : So, being Immediate Infringements of that Save- reigntyy which God, by all Parties, is acknowledged to exercife over every Nation in particular, as depending on the one Grand Theocrafy of the Vni' verfe : This muft engage him to re- drefs the Injury, and fettle the Con- fufious of State, by Providential Turns and Revolutions : fbme of which, are very fignally diftinguilTied by particu- lar Marks and 7 racks of Divine Ma- nagement, and cannot be accounted for by the Ordinary Rules of Vnthink' ingy Impolitick Nature. But notwith- ftanding the State of Perfection in Go- vernment is not, and perhaps cannot be. Attained ; yet, hke the State of Yer feci ton in Divinity^ it muft be en- deavoured after : and we muft try to come as near it as poffible, tho we are fure never to reach it. Upon the Foot of this Syfiem, our own happy Conjii- tution is modelled in an admirable Or- der and Economy^ It is agreed be- tween My Lord of Exeter and Mr.
HOAD-
1 6 A VindicaUon of the
HoADLY, That God has no where in th^^ Gofpel prejcribed any one permanent Form of Government^ or given any Perjon or. Family, a Title Paramount to all Hu' vian Injiitution ; but leaves thefe ReguU' tions to the Confiitution of every particU" Ur Nation and People \ A Confequence of which Dodrine ^, That whoever undertakes to prefs the Duty of Sub- jeclion upon the Confciences of Men, in a Religious way of Argument, muft take the Meafures of that Subje^iioji from the particular Laws of the Nation in which he refides. They of our own JCingdom, who ^ItSid fovuiQSupreamam cj, infift on thefe Pofitions, from the Common haw and Statute Book \ That the Kjng never dies ; That he can do No Evil ; That he is our fupr earn Head and Governour^ next and immediately under God himfelf. That all Executive Jujlice is felely derived from him, and fubfifis by his Authority : To which he ca^ never be fubje^ himfelf ; That Parlia- ments owe thetr being to hlii-i : but he owe^ his own to Birthright. On the other Hand, the Ajfertors of Liberty contend QUt of the fame Law j That the Kjng
is
BiJhopof^xtttT. 17
is under An Oath', andfolemn Contract, to a£i only for the Publick Good ; That he may Abdicate hk Right : May be Jued and overthrown in his own Courts, by any of his Subje^s *, That he is but a Part of the Legijlature, conjuntfi'vely mth the Lords and Commons ; And they plead the Comejfions of Predeceffors, Magna Charta, the Statutes of Rights, Trials h J^^^^^y Frequency of Parliaments, Impeachments, Limitations of the Crown, And the Power of Separate "Jurifdi^tions, by way of Check and Ballance to the Sufreamacy and Royal Prerogative ; Now there is an abfolute Neceffity for Trimming, in all "Writers, who would give a true and juft Account of our Confiitution : For that very Conftituti- on trims and poifes it felt, in an exadt Medium between Liberty and Power : And therefore the fame Law favours both Pretenfions. But whoever un- dertakes to reconcile both Sets of No- tions : befides, that he engages in a vain Attempt, is an Enemy to the Go- vernment, and a Subverter of the Con- ftitution. The Syftems are fo Oppofte, that, as I have obferved, it is not ea- B fy,
1 8 A Vindication of the
fy, perhaps not pofTible, to Reconcile them : For whofoever undertakes s Vnion^ muft not only confider the Be^ fjefits and BlefTmgs of Agreement and Concord, but the Nature of the Things to be united, and whether they are not in themfelves Incompatible ; It is no good Froje£l, to reconcile Fire and Water^ Light and Parknefs : and yet both thefe, in their Proper Seafons, and at their due Diftance, are very fer- viceable to Mankind ; He who pleads for the Advancement of either Ex- tream, ruins the other, and thereby, fpoils the Syfiem : For he makes us ei- ther all Slaves, or Libertines ; It is, I think, a National Blefling, that we can fay, the Rights of the Sovereign and his Subjecls are oppofite ; for fuch an Oppofition asthis, is our Safety, and our Happinefs ; The Body Politick is thus far extreamly like the Body Natu- ral : When the Oppofite Qualities keep their Places, and jult Intervals, they operate upon each other with an exadt Temperature, and Influence: and this is Health, Strength, and Vigour ; But when they draw too near together ;
when
Btjhop of Exeter. 1 9
when they ftrive for the Mafteiy : when any one of them gets the Supe* riority, then the Oppofttwn ri fes to a Contradiction^ zx\^ [uch a Union ends at laft in Sicknefsy Death and Diffolution.
This being ^^^ State of the C^y^,it is eafy, at one View, to obferve the Difference between My Lord of Exeter, and Mr. Ho.adly'/ Condu6^ on this important Subjeft ; His Lord/Jjtp, by Mw Hoad- lyV own Acknowledgment, Pages the 6th and jth, infifts on no other Divine Right of Government than only this : That fome (bould bear Rule^ and others he in SubjeBion ; His Lordjhip difclaims all Pretenfions to any CommifTion from God or Nature^ appointing any one fixt Form, or nominating any Partta^- iar Perfon or Family ; Hs Lordjhip owns, that everj particular Power upon Earth rcits inftituted for one End onljiy That of doing Good to Mankind ; this in General ; And when hts Lord/hip comes to the Account of our own Par- ficular Conftitution, His Lordjhip free- ly acknowledges, the conjoint Authorir ty of Queeny Lord^^ and Commons ; There is not vfte of the Bench oi Btjhop^^ B 2 who
c r r r c c r c r r f f f i
r r r r r f r ' r r f f f r f t
rrrrrrft f f f r f r f t
fftfCtft f f c f f c f :
cfcrcrct t < X c r f r '
iff %W
^9ikt
^^
-A I I I • • I Ki ri I .«^ft i.i^i I I I i ' ■ '
5{/?^/ of Exeter. 21
the Greateft Enemies to tlie Govern- ment, who oppofe ht6 Lcrd/b'p on f/r^r Side of the Debate : Bccaute, in both Parts, his Lordjhtp has all along kept the Englifh Laws in View, and tVom them has Calculated his MedCrtns oi O- bedience : which is abfolutoly the beji Method in Divinity; For it is the Law, that afligns the MfAfrtre^ and the Gofpel that impofes the OhltgAti- on, Thofe, who differ from his Lord,* jhip^ may come under feveral CUffes or Denominations : and I iball chufc to dillingaifh them rather by their />/«• a pies and Opinionsy than by Parfj/r J\hrnt5 and Titles, which I think N$ State ought to be very fond of. There is A jort of Men, who Profefs Pajfivt Obedtence^ but are indeed of a quite different Principle ; Fafjive i^edtence confiifs in a Fattent Refignation to the Hardihips laid on us by tbe^(rj£reigfiy when, we cannot obey liim in thoie things we are perfwadcd are in them- felves Unlawful: But thefj.Men a£lu- ally pushed on their Monarch to thofe very Unlawful Meafures : Adztjed him to turn Tyrant : Soothed and Careffed
his
i I I 1 ^ ^
!»
TTT
111
1 1
1 1 ^ 1 ' 1
I 3J
3
J i § i i
««
«^*^
<i*»*
20 AVindicationofthe
:who has more faithfully and honeftly declared himfelf in Vindication of the Rights and Liberties of the Subject : or has fpoken better things of the RevO' lution^ the Succeffio'/iy the Authority of Tarltaments^ and all other the indifpu- table Topicks of our Security, than bis Lordjbip ; This Mr. Hoadly does not offer to call in quefton ; and on thefe Heads, I think, he is perfeclly agreed with his Lordjhip ; But then his Lordjhip has gone further, and on the behalf of the Sovereign, has decla- red, That the Kjng isfupream, and next to God only ; That he is Unaccountable and Irrefijlible , and agamfi whom we are ts> Rebel on no Fretenct whatjoever ; Here it is that Mr. Hoadly leaves his Lordr fiip : Here it is, that he thinks his Lord/htp talks ftrangclj and unaccount/t'^ bly : And in this he fuppofes his Lord^ Jhip has bid fair towards the Unravel- ling the Late Happy Revolution, as well as Undermining the Prefent Ejlablifh' ment ; Whereas, I think, and defign, to prove, that his Lordjhip has in this honeftly purfu'd t\\Q true Golden Mean, ^nd that They are really and in Fad . the
Btjho^ (jf Exeter. 2 1
the Greateft Enemies to the Goverh- inent, who oppofe his Lordjh/p on either Side of the Debate : Becaufe^ in both Parts, his Lordfhip has all along kept the Englifh Laws in View, and from them has Calculated his MeAfa'res oi O- bedience : which is abfolutely the befi Method in Divinity: Por it is the Larv, that afligns the Meafnre^ and the Gofpel that impofes the OHigati- on, Thofe, who differ from his Lord' fifip, may come under feveral Ciaffes or Denominations : and I fhall chufe to diftinguifh them rather by their Prin' fiples and Opimons, than by Fartyr Names and Titles, which I think No State ought to be very fond of There is A fort of Men, who Profefs Fajfive Ohedfence, but are indeed of a quite different Principle ; PaJJlve Ghdieme confifts in a Patient Refignation to the Hardlhips laid on us by the Sovereigny when, we cannot obey liim in thoie things we are perfwaded are in them- felves VnUwful : But thefs.Men a£i:u- ally pujhed on their Monarch to thofe very Unlawful Meafures : Jdvifed him to turn Tyrant : Soothed and Carejfed
his
22 A Vindication of the
his Ambition : Affifted him in the Ex- ecution of his Unjuft Commands : C Ai- led the True Paflive Obedience of their Fellow-Subjeds, Obfiinacy and Rebelli' on^ and Fumfhed it as fuch : believing every thing to be Lawful^ that was Injoined by Authority. Next to thefe, is Another Order of Men, who tho they did not join with the Government a- gainft their Brethren, nor affifted in theie Illegal Arbitrary Methods : Nay, tho they heartily dijowned them : Yet they fate fiiU, were lazy and Defective^ and never i/fftfted on thoCe Legal Checks and Reftraints, which the Conftituti- on has provided for its own Prefervati- on ; but Juffer''d them to Dwindle and Sink, till they became Ufelefs and In- fufficient for the E^/ds of their iirft In- ftitution ; Afy Lord of Exeter has ju- dicioufly taken Care to avoid this £^- tream: He has urg*d all the Sanations of our Liberty : has Vindicated all our Legal Rights, and Properties : which the frft Sort of thefe Men did a^ua/ij attempt to Deftroy^ and the other did Paffively and tamely refign^ without adhering to their Dutj^ as Subjeds,
and
Bijhop of Exeten 2 3
and as Jntrufied with the Rights of Po- fterity ; If we go on to tho feco»d Ex- tream^ we fhall find a Clan of Another Sort, who fay : That the Magifirate is the Peoples Tool : their Creature : Crea^ ted by thenty And for them : Whom they may Judge, Condemn, and Depofe at Difcretion ; Thefe Men are equally E- nemies to the State, by Overturning thofe Laws upon which the Su^reama- cy^ Royal Birth-right^ and Prerogative^ are direftly founded; And in their Rear, another fort Advances : who tho they do not abfolutely deny this Part of our Law, yet they fafs it over^ and let it/^^/' ; and by preffing too far the No- tions of Reftfiance and Liber ty^ loofe the Sufreamacy in the other Extnam ; This Fault My Lord of Exeter has carefully fhun'd, and in this laft Particular Mr. HoADLY, as I take it, is in Oppofition to his Lordjhip ; But this being Part of the Law^ as well as the other^ to omit it, had been Partial and Unjuft in his Lordfbip, and a Breach of that Allege* ance^ which engages us to value the Prerogative of our Sovereign as much as we do our own Rights and Liberties,
How
24- -^ Vindicaiion of tJhe
How. call Mr. Hojidly charge hh Lordjhip^ with a Defign of dethroning Her Majejiy^ and ruining the Conftitu- tion, fince his Lordjhtp: has amply iit- . (ifted on the Rights oi Supreamacy ? How can he charge his Lordfiip, with a De- iign to Introduce lyranny and SUvery^ iince his Lordjhip has infified, as amply, on the Rights of the Subje^ ? Has not his Lordjbip difcharged his Duty, ia both Cafes, to God and Ma/^ impartial- ly? But what will Mr. Hoadly fay, to vindicate himfelf from ihifting one half of his Duty, and the fcanty Per- formance of a partial Obedience ? If one of thefe Powers ContradiBs the other, let us fee which Mr. Hoadly will Dethrone^ The Subject or Sove^ reign \ If they are oppofite^ I hope he will not undertake to reconcile them ; If My Lord of Exeter'j infifting on Non Refiftancey be made a Reafon for charging his Lord/hip with a Defign to deftroy Liberty : will not Mr. Ho adlyV infilling upon Liberty, be as good an Argument, to charge him with a De- fign to deftroy the Supreamacy ? And has not my Lord ^Exjeter, by infi- lling
Bijhop of Exeten 2 5
, fting upon both J avoided both thefe \M^3^treams? and can Mr. Hoadly do I better, than, in Imitation of his Lord'' \ fi/ip, take Care for the future, to fay i as much for the Sovereign^ as he has i already faid for the Suhje^, that he may acquit himfelf to both ? fince the fame J^AVP gives both Sovereign and Subject their proper Rights in the Manner aU ready Defcribed, and my Lord of Exe- ter leaves it to the Law to Determine ' them. What Mr. Hoadly is pleafed to obferve Page the ^gth^ may ferve, in my Opinion, for a full Jn/wer to his Book ; All Separation is not Schifm ; All Refijlarice is not Rebellion ; To which I add : All'Supreamacy is not Tyranny ; AH Non'RefiJlance is not Slavery ; There is a No»'Reftfiancey There is a Supreamacy^ which is Lawful : What Non-Refi- ftance, and what Supreamacy are fo, my Lord of Exeter does not Deter- mine : That belongs to the Law^ but according to that Lawy he has mention- ed bothy And thereby fully Difcharged his Duty ; Till Mr. Hoadly gives us the fame impartial Sketch ot' his Divi- my ^nd Foliticks, He mult be content G to
26 A Vindication of the
to pafs for a Hdlf SuhjeH, a Half Poti- ticiany and a Hdf Chrtflian .- This is all . 2i' Moderate Man can make of him, bud ^ ther^ are others^ I believe, will take . him by the Lump, under a much vporfe Denomination. ; !>' •
:,:iFrom this View of the Debate be- tween Mr. HoADLY and his Lordjhip^ The Reader will eafily perceive, that his Lordjhip is not anlwerable for any Oppofiiionsy that may be between the Power of the Sovereign and Right of the » Subject : Since it is an Oppofition which the L^iv has made, and the Law is to be hi^s L&rd/hip^s Guide in Affigning the Meafares of Obedience ; and fmce this Oppofition is, as I obferved, our beji Se^ curity : Therefore, his Lord/hip had beea abfolutely in the Wrong in Endeavour- irtg to reconcile them ; It is enough, that thefe Oppofites fubfift together, and are ready at hand, whenever either Subje^ or Sovereign fhall have Occafion to make ufe of them ; For theie Rea- fons therefore, I fhall fay nodiing to thofe Calumnies, which Mr. Hoad- r:Y has endeavoured to fix on his Lord* /kip : Such as his Lordjhifs oppofing
the
Bijhop of Exeter. 2 7
t\iQ Queen ^ The Revolution^ The Parlia- ment, and the Rights, of the People: Since his Lordjhip has infifted on thefet^ I dare aiBrm, with as much Judgment and Integrity, as Mr. Hoadly ; But there are other Particulars, in which Mr. Hoadly takes the Freedom to dif- fer from his Lordjhip, and thefe, with the Uke Freedom, I now Qome to exa- mine.
From the Magiftrates being called the Minifier of God by vSV. Paul, his Lordjhip infers, That he has none above him. upon Earth to Quejl ion, Cenfure, or Punijh him ; This is certainly meant, of Queflioning and Cenfuring, in a Judicial Way ; To this Mr. Hoadly thinks fit to reply Page the yth, by Re- minding his Lordjijip : That St. Paul in this f lace has exprefjed himfelf judici^ oujly : Of which I prefume to juppoje his Lordjhip was aware, as well as Mr. Hoadly; He adds, That6V. Paul has alfo exprefs'd himfelf, Cautioufly : But wherem this Caution of St. Paul does Confift, whether he were afraid of being led to utter fomething that was falfe^ or if true, yet that might C 2 pro-
28 A Vindication of tie
probably dijpleafe^ Mr. Hoadly does not Determine ; However that be, he is refolved, his Lord/hip fhall not have the Benefit of fuch an Inference^ which Mr. Hoadly undertakes to prove is not Clofely and Regularly drawn frotn the Premifes ; This he urges by leve- ral Injlances : He tells his Lordjhipf That // the Mugijirate be the Minijier of God, yet he is fo otily for one End, The Good of the SubjeSi : That every Man who does us good, is, fo far, the Minifier of God ; He adds, that the Clergy are the Miniflers of God to us for Good : So are Fathers to their Children: and yet it does not follow therefore, that they may murder their Children, or make them Slaves without being Queflioned or Cenfur- id for Jo doing ; Neither are Clergymen^ er any other Ferfons, by doing good to w, in rvhtch they are the Minijier s of God, for that reafon exenjpt from being Queflioned^ Ce^-ffuredj and Punijbed ; Then he en-* iarges, and fays, that No Commiffion ixfhatever, Divtne or Human, can give any Power but in thof6 things, to which thai Commijjion ecA. tends : Now the Magi^ prate h^is it not in his Commijjion to do £-
vil,
^iL and therefore, he mAy be oppojed in this^ mthout Prejudice to Ins Authortty: And Concludes from the Whole, that hs LordfbiP has made a mong Inference from the Text. On the other hand hts LordfbiP owns with Mr. Hoadly, That No Man can aci mth Authority fur" thr than his Commiffion extends : Th^^ the Magtjirates Commtffionts not abo Lute y but Imtted, and that to one End only, J he Good of the Pf.^/f ; That this is /;;^ Lordfbip's Opinion, Mr.HoADLY himlelt owns : And I will venture to fuppofe his Lordfptfs Opinion in trvo other Points, viz,. That no Divine Commiflion can be pleaded for Murder, Oppreffion Qi' Evil' and That St. Paul has expreffed liimm J^dicwufl^ ; But notwithftand- ing this, it remains to fhew, whether htJ Lordlbip's Inference be not ftiU as Strong and Forcible, as his Lordjbip m- tended it ; I contend for the Affirma' five, upon the following Reafons; Mr- HoADLY, Page the i^th, would hive his Lordjbip think, that 6^ Paul in the Text direded his Exhortations to the Deputed Magiftrates, as well as to the Sttpream : and at Page the r)th, he thinks
'/"
(
30
&. Aaiis '^ ^QAktti! * Gmermi Nature &n.. ->.:»• frf:..> h-Mtes
Office : I ibill not ioMoB ^ ards
of ^' odjOHUi^ CO t:ic FrjEr :
wh;- w >!'«?«• dw Dci'crbed,
is iiicU mtiatmiJ -^' (7*W; iixi wt
rp Jw RroJ^d as F^ .«s.<2MBt
ihuik, iun.j:cnt to prove
Nf ^aT':im Magiijbate
:^.. . - : \' M ^z>Lip«i«ms
-> :o be or-
' f£m^ md not b^pt'Gsi^ :
. . nzi> "^^ . TfA wifktmt
> 'V- : .. , ikiidcs, lAt
:kc1 Obedieooe io
- ^pc the Ht^her
Au \ the
the v^-
:;■ ^s
e - .:T irom r^r^l to
6ttf «i^/ Aa Emr:»%T^ fudocnt aiBosg ^ .to i<M}/ aod redrain a T^xt^
: : :. : .. , : per.
. c 01; ^a; wavins^ ih s, and
: Mr. '' ^ 15 be
... _: in Ur- .....a to
N-U-ire ot the .:■.■ 0&x\
iy, <« -^t'j''' ^^3 ag Obedience
in
f^.f
12
m
IWNWW'.*^^'
•.•.•.•.•M'M'!'-'-''' ■••■■••"» •
i.i II
*ii
- K
# .-
-Si/??^ of Exeter. 3 1
in Genersl, from a General Corrfidera- tion of the Alagt/irates Office, muft take his Meafures oi that Obedience, from the Ht^heft Dignity and Power of thdt office, which is the SupreAtntuy ; And if we underftand the Apojlle thus, wc Cake the fareft way to comply with Mr, Ho'.di.y's Expofition : For if St. Pd«l be fuppos'd to mean the Supredm Magiftratc, he mult in Courfe alfo have Jome Refpedl to the SubordinAte Magiftrates : for the Supream Includes the SubordmA'e : They are in feme Senfe the fame as the Supream^ with rejpeci to the SuhjeH : for they are hts Perfon by Reprejenution^ and bear hu Authority to the Extent of their Com- miffions, which are Rajs and Parts of the Supreamacy^ and by which the So^ vereion Acts one Part in one Subordinate Magiftrate, and Another in Another : Nor caa we call insubordinate Magi- ftrates to Account^ but in the Kjn^i Courts, and by the Rule of the Lasi RefjYt^ before hts Majijiy in Perjon ; It is for the Kjng's fake, that we obey his Mtnijlers^ and tlie Kjng for God*s : And thus Anothtr Apoftle explains St.
Paul:
III l__ ,
I*. I » fc » t
'*..' till
^•1 * a
«ji
Ulll
««
•>
I • I
VtViV
t « I i 1 ft
go A Vindication of. the
St, Paul'is here fpeaking of the Getter al Nature and Defign of the Magiflrates Office ; I fliall not infift on the Words of «S>. FauI, jiext adjoining to the Text : whtrQtht Magifir ate ^ there Defcribed, is faid, To be ordained of God, and not to he Refjlcd on Pain of Damnation'. Which is, I think, fufficient to prove this fpoken of the Supream Magiftrate more efpecially, finceMr.HoADLY owns the Subordinate Magiftrates to be or- dained by the Supream y and not by God : and that they may bQrefified without. any Peril of Damnation ; Befides, the Jpojlle having 'injoined Obedience to the Power Sy called btfore the Higher Powers^ Adds iiiirncdiately after in the
Text- -for he u the Mtnifier of God- —
Changing the Number from Plural to Singular^ An Emphafis, fufficient among Divines, to limit and reftrain a Text^ and to take off from that Latitude^ which the Precedipig Words might per- haps admit of ; iiut waving this, and to Humour Mr. Hoadly : let this be underftood in General, with refpe6: to the Nature of the Magi ft rates Office ; Certainly, an Jpofile urging Obedience
in
Bijhop of Exeter. g i
in General^ from a General Confidera- tion of the Magifirates Office, muft take his Meafures • of that Obedience, from the Higheft Dignity and Power of that office, which is the Sufreamacy ; And if we uaderftand the Apojlle thus, we take the fureft way to comply with Mr. HoAdly's Expofition : For if St. Faul be fuppos'd to mean the Supream Magiftrate, he mull in Courfe alfo have fome Refpe£l to the Subordinate Magiftrates : for the Supreara Includes the Subordinate : They are in fome Senfe the fame as the Supream, with re/pec} to the Suhjeci : for they are his Perfon by Reprejentationy and bear his Authority to the Extent of their Com- miflions, which are Rays and Parts of the Supreamacy^ and by which the So- 'uereign Adts one Part in one Subordinate Magiftrate, and Another in Another : Nor can we call Subordinate Magi- ftrates to Account, but in the Kjn^s Courts, and by the Rule of the Lasi Rejort^ before his Majefty in Perjon ; It is for the Kjng^s fake, that we obey his MinifierSj and tlie Kjng for God''s : And thus Another Apofile explains St.
Paul:
32 A Vindication of the
Paul : Submit jour felve^ unto the KJ»gi as Supream : And unto Governors, as unto them that are fent by him ; This will ferve ip fome meafure to fet Mr. HoApLY right, in that EKpreflion of our Saviour to PiUte, when he tells hiin : his Power was from above : The, as Mr. HoADLY oblfeFves, he was only 2l Subordinate Magiftrate j For, our Sa^ viour being refolved to ftand to Pi- late's Judgment, without Appealing to C^fir, does in this Cafe admit the Sub-^ ordinate Magiftrate to be the Immediate Reprefentative of the Supream ; Be- fides, our Saviour being God the Son^ and, as Man, Innocent and Guiltlefs ; Pilate, tho he had been Supream, coul4 have no other, but barely a Permijjive Power from God, to Condemn him, and That is not the Power here in Dif- pute. Tiiefe Reafons are, I think, ful- licient to prove, that the Text ought to be underllood more efpecially of the Supream Power in every Nation : Cer^ tain it is that his Lordjbip, by the Ex- ample of a concurrent Cloud of Di-^ vines, does fo underftand it j And with this Explanation, It is eafy to fee the
Strength
Bijhop of Exeter. ^ 5
Strength of his Lordfhifs Inference ; His Lordjbip argues with Incompara- ble Force and Purity, Pag, 6. Serm. 2d, That the Magtjirate or ^upream Govern nor^ appears by thefe^oxdsoi^t.Paul, to be a Servant : and if Servant to Ano- ther j Not his own Mafler : and if not Mafier of himfelf much lefs in his own Right Majler of Another : And if a Ser- vant to Gody it is Ahfurd to fay^ he is the Peoples Servant^ over whom he rales : becaufe that rrere in effect to Jay^ That it is all one to Command^ and to Obey ; Thefe are the Reafons, why his Lord^ /hip Concludes him to be Accountable only to God, and that no Power upon Earthy can Quejiion^ Cenfure, or Punifb him ; In this Argument, his Lordjhip plainly purfues an old Allegory^ by which the Government of the World is compared to that of a Houjhold : God is the Mafier : under whom are diftind Orders, and Degrees o[ Officers, MintJierSy and Servants : Among thefe is the Kjingy or Supream Magiitrate : He is God's Servant, and Mimfier, but then he is his Prime MirAfter, his Stew^ ardy bis Immediate Servant : and by D Con»
34- A Vindication of the
Coniequence, onlj Accountable to him ; Mr. HoADLY objects, that the Clergy^ that Si^bordinate Magifirates^ and indeed all Men, who do us good^ are thii-s far the Mi-fjifiers ot God : are they there- fore,'/ifji he^ Accountable only to him? But now, tho thefe are all God's Mmi- Jiers, arc they not fo only in Subordina- tion to one Another? Are they all Stewards^ or t^rime Minifters, as well as the KJng ? If they were, then in- deed it would follow, that they were only Accountable to the Mafier, For the fake of Argument, his Lordjhip luppofes the R/ght of Elefliony but de- nies the Confequence, that the Ele^ors have therefore a Right to call the £- lecled to an Account ; Of this his Lord^ jbip gives us an Infiance in the Mayor of a Joivn, who is chofen by the Peo- ple, but Accountable only to the ^een ; Mr. HoADLY does not deny this, but calls it an Unfortunate Injtance : For, fays he, fuch a Governor as this, is Ac- countable to the People in thofe things, to which his Com million does not ex- tend, and then applies the Caje to the ^upreamacy ; Now if Mr. Hoad^y will
inllance
Bijhop of Exetef. q 5
inftanee in a few Cafes, to which the Supream Power does '/7ot extend, but which may be redrefTed by any other Power, which does extend fo far, and yet is /?ot Supream : Tliere the Supream Power fhall be accountable : And then we will allow Mr. HoADr y, to be a Perfon much more fortunate in his In- fiances^ than «// Lor^ (?/ Ex etek. That there is an Eccleftajlical Divine Com- miflion, dtjlinci from the Civile and Appointed for Diftin£l Ends and Pur- pofes, -Mr. Hoadly does not deny : But then he contends^ that this Com- miifion does not exempt Ecclefiaftical Perfons from Cenfure, in Matters 6V- cuUr^ where then- Ecclefiaftical Com- mifTion cannot be pleaded ; But is this a. Parallel Cafe to tliG Supreamacj? Let Mr. Hoadly fet out /-/J^ Bounds of Sa» pream Power: Let him iliew us, hiv far it reaches: and if there be any thing beyond the CommiiTion of a Su* pream Power, In which another Pow- er, Not SupreAm^ can be pleaded : and by my Confent, he fliall ihind Record- ed among the pH Planters or Coun- tries, and Difcoverers o\ unknoirn lihnds, D ?. ' 1
36 A Vindication of the
I am an Admirer of that Maxim of Mr. Hoadly's : that every Man who does us good, is, fo far, the Minifter of God : but I am an Admirer even to Aftonifhment, of the Apphcation : for if the bare doing of Good, in any Capacity whatever, be fufficient to msikcfr ch a Minifter of God, as is here meant in the Te:)ct : Tho 1 grant it to be a good Argument againft fuch a one's being Vyiaccountable : Yet it is al- fo as good a one againft his being obey- ed, and fubmitted to : for we are not to fubjed our felves to every one, who does us any Good : And then, St. Paul^ who urges tf:is njery Duty of SubjecttOHy from this 'very Reafon of doing Goody can no longer be fuppofed, according to Mr. Hoadly's Character of him, To exfrefs htr/ifelf Judicioujlj,
Mr. HoADLY contends, That it is Urvful for a Child to refisi his Father in Defence of his onn Life A>jd Property : Which is readily granted ; Nay^ he may hawl him before a Magiftrate, and have him punifhed for fuch an Attempt \ But the Reafon of this is, that Father
and
Bijhop of Exeter. 3 7
and Son are Subjects to one Common Power, fuperior to hoth,^ and which therefore may call both to account, and punifh either as he deferves, without any Confideration of the Relation that is between them ; But it is not fo with the Father of a Country : Whither will his Children lummon him for Judgment, but to the Tribunal of the Common Parent of Mankind?
What Mr. Hoadly has advanced concerning the Extent of the Civil Commiffion, and its Deftgnation to one proper End, that of doing Goody appears indeed with the Face of an Argument, but then it is dropt fhort, and checked half way: For, if it were purfued through all its jufi Confequences, No- thing more would be wanting to prove the Magiftrate Accountable only to God, and to juftify Mj Lord of Exe- ter*^ Inference ; The Things of this World, are either Goody Evil, or Indif^ ferent ; Whatfoever is in it Jelf Goody and of abfolute Necellity, either from Nature or Revel at ion, the Supream Pow- der can make into a Temporal Law, and
Guard
§8 A Vindication of the
Quard it with Rewards and Punifh- ments; Thus far Mr. Hoadly muft own, the Supream Power extends, ex- clufive of aH other Powers whatever ; The fame may be faid of Indifferent Things : which then ceafe to be Indif- ferent^ when forbidden or enjoined by Authority ; and here too, the Suprea- mAcy has no other Rival Power upon Earth ; This Mr. Hoadly does not directly oppofe : But then the Quefiion is, whitl>er.the MAgifirate has any Com- miflion to dp Evil^ or whether any Authority can be pleaded here ? To this it is eafy to reply ^ that neither Prince^ nor People, nor God himfelf, can have fuch a Power : Whence it fol- lows, that if the Magi{];r^te be Supreans and Vn Account able, m all good things, and things Indifferent, He muft be Su- preAvn and VnAccountAble in the moil Ahfolute Senfe : Since No IRqwer can be pleaded for doing Eruil, and where- ever any Power can be pleaded, there the Magiftrate can plead his, and in that Mr. Hoadly allows him to be Supream ; Now, tho no Power, that is, no {.egal Power, can bQ pleaded for do,^
inc
Bijhop of Exeter. 39
ing Evil : yet let us fuppofe Evil Dorfe and Committed.^ and what Ihall be the Redrefs ? Certainly no one denies, that all good Means ought to be ufed to prevent and punifh it : But then the the doing of Evil be contrary to the Ends of all Legal Power, and without the Magiftrates Commiflion : Yet the Pre- venting and Punijbing of Evil, is in it M^Good : and therefore, a Part of that Cominiflion, in which the Magiftrate is Supream, To fay, the People can cenfure or punijb Evil Doers, is to fay, that the Subje^ and Sovereign are iden^ tically one and the fame Power : For the Punijbing of Evil Doers^ is affirm'd by the JpoflUy and own'd by Mr. Hoad- LY, to be the Expre/s Divine Part of the Sovereign's Commillion ; Now if Subjects cannot punifh Subje^s for Evil- Dot ngy but by Vertue of the Supream Power: much lefs, can they punifh the Supream Power for doing Evil, withouc Ufurping that very Power, they would Punifh ; And tho it be requifite, that all Evil, even that done by the Magiftrate, fhould be puntjhed : Yet this only brings us to the Neceffity,
not
40 A Vindication of tie
not of owning the People for Supreanty who are more likely to do Evil thaff the MagifirAte^ but of owning forne other fupream Being, who will certainly pu^ nifh all Evil, and yet is himfelf incapa- ble of doing Any : To him therefore, and him only^ the Magiftrate is Accoun* table.
All that Mr. Hoadly profefTes to contend for, Fage the 15?^, is, the Right of Self -Defence : which, he complains, that My Lord of Exeter has not fo much as toucht upon in Behalf of the Governed Society ; But tho his Lordjbip has not perhaps mentioned the Name, yet he infifts as ftoutly on the thing as any Man ; His Lordjhtp'*s admirable Account of the Liberties^ Properties^ and Rights of the Subject, in ihofecond Ser- mon, for at leafl 14 Pages together, be- ginning at the 1 5//;, are ample Inflan- ccs of his Lord/hip^ s great Care for the Intereft and Security of Human Soci- eties ; The Affertors of the Supreamacy never deny'd the Right of Self-Prefer* 'vation^ bur they fay, that this Right of Self^Prejervition is better Blfablifhed,
by
Sijhopof Exeter. 4.1
by Admitting a.fupream Judge of all Controverfies, who, tho he r/^ay do Evil, is yet accountable to another Judge, who can do A^one : Than by making him accountable to other Judges, who thereby become SupreaWy and are as li- able to do Evil as the firft ; for thefe therefore muft be accountable to others^ and fo on in infinitum : fince no one Set of them, can, from an Impojjihility to da Evil, plead any fixt and eftablifhed Right to punijb it.
Mr. HoADLY delivers it for Matter iaf Fa^y that the Terms, Jccountable^ Cenfurey and Punijby are not contended for : and he knows of None follicitous about them ; But is Mr. Hoadly a Man fo little Converfant in the Modern Topicks of Government ? Has not Mr. Hoadly Seen, and Read, and Heard, how folicitous fome Men are about thefe Words ? and a-bout much ^vorfe Words than thefe y fuch as Depofe^ Condemn^ and Execute : And not only filici torn a- bout thefe Words, but Fa^ious^ Fexati" ousy and Trouhlejome ; 1 own indeed, it is only about the Words they are folici- E tous.
4-2 A Vindication of the
tous, for I dare affirm they will never agree in the Thing. If the Supream Magiftrate may be Cenfured and Pu- nifhed, Is it not convenient he fhould be told, in what Court is to be his Pro- cefs, and before what Judges^ and by what Law ? Thefe Things are too im- portant to be left in Uncertainty : If the tneanefi Subje£l does amifs, he knows where y and hy whom he is to be try'd, and what will be his Sentence, if he fhould prove guilty : and it is ftrange to fuppofe, that a Favour fo univerfal- ly enjoy'd by the People^ fhould be de- ny'd the S-overeign • But Mr. Hoadly contends only for the Right of Self'De* fence : He does not infift on the wordsj Jccountabk^ Cenfure^ and Punifl? : How Good, is thi^ I How Orthodox ! Gan we exped a fairer and plainer Scheme of the Dodrine of Non'RefiJiance ? If the fufream Fower invades our Properties, or attempts our Lives^, we; may conceal thofe Properties, . may withdraw our felves from thefe evil Governours, thus transform'd into Bears and Lions^ or we tnay retire to fome more hofpi table Country : But we mull not iniilf: on
the
Bijhop of Exeter. 4.3
the words, Accountable^ Cenfiire^ antl Pamfh : And therefore, we muit not Reftfl the Magillrate : For how can we do thafy unlefs we Jt^dge^ that he has wronged us ? and that is caliwg him to account^ and Cenfaring his ConduB' ; We muft not be upon the Defenfivey or ftand on our Guard : For why lliould we do that, unlefs he has a61:ually Jt' tackt us ? and if fo, how can we defend our felves, without Striking ? and if we ftrike, we certainly refifi and Punifl? him. In fine, iV^ Lor^ c/ ExF.TER has ufed the words. Accountable, C^nfure, and Punijh, which are the Principal Terms of his LordjJjifs Inference, and all xhdit his Lordjhip is concerned to jujli- fy\ \n Anjiver to this, Mr. Hoadly, after fome Struggle, declares, he does not contend for them : Whereupon, I defy all the Lovers of Truth, and Pro- moters of Peace, to begin a Controverfy more ferioujij, to carry it on more candid' ly, and to jinijh it more amicably.
■ This Exploit being thus happily o-
ver, Mr. Hoadly proceeds to the
fecond grand Point of Debate between
E 2 him'
44- ^ Vindication ofth
himfelf and wy Lord of Exeter ; bt feems concerned, that his Lord/hip Ihould not content himfelf with allow- ing only a Human Authority to a //«« man Inftitution ; But fuppofing Govern- ment to be onl^ a Human Inftitution, yet his Lordfiip^ who intends to obey it for Confcience fake, was thereby induT. ced to acknowledge it to be Approved at leaft, and Confirmed by Gody andconfe- quently Enforced by his Authority^ which is Divine^ tho at firll: it was inftituted only by Men ; And this of it felf is fufficient to fhew us, the true Origin of Government : For tho we Ihould allow all Political Inflitutions^ which were eRablifhed before any Rer 'veUtion appear'd in the World, to be of Vure Human Contrivance : Yet if that Revelation did give a Divine San- ation, as it certainly did, to thefe Hu* man Inftitutions : It is natural to drop the lef^er Title, and to infill: altogether on the Greater : and even upon this Ac- count, fetting afide the Patriarcha, the Magiftrates Power appears to be imme^ diately from God ; That it is fo, ^m Lordjhip argues, becaufc No Man has
fuch
Btjhop of Exeter. 45
juch a, Power originally And Effentially in him- felf: This, Mr. Hoadly fays, /owe Men will think too Urge & Conceffion : But fo long as Mr. Hoadly is not one of thofe Men, he might have fpared any fuch Reflexi- on ; That the Magiftrate cannot have his Power from the People^ his Lordjhip proves, becaufe, this Power is f»ch^ as they never had themfelves ; His Lord- fiip inftances in the Power of Pumflfing mth Death : This the People never had, becaufe no Man has Power over his own Life or his Brothers ; Thus far his Lord/hip : To which Mr. Hoadly;. That tho no Man has Power to kill him^ felf, yet he may for good Reafons contract tvith the Magiftrate for his Life, and he fontent to reftgn it, whenever it is for the Publick Good ; and he urges, that fuch a Contra£i as this, actually paffes between Soldiers and their General ; But then, very ingenuoufly fuppofing, that all this would not come up to, or touch the Point : as indeed it falls at leaft half way fhort of it, he adds, Page the i gthy That if a Band of Robbers fhould come down upon a Neighbourhood of Perfons (He is afraid to call them a Society)
^6 A Vindication of the
any particular Man might go out against them, and hazard his Life in Attempting to Repel and drive them away ; Now, that a Man may do all this : That he muft be Content to lofe his Life when the Magiftrate has juftly condemned him : That he may venture the fame Life for the Good of his Country, and to Repel and opppfe an Invafion : I will -venture to declare in his Lordjhtp'^s Name, tha-: his Lordfiip does firmly believe to be true ; and yet, it is ftrange to think, that his Lordjbif fliould hrra Juch an Argument, having, as Mr. HoADLY fuppofes, fuch ftrong ConviciioKs beiore him ; The Difficul- ty therefore will be, to Account for this Extraordinary Phenomenon. Mr, H o A D L Y does not think it material in this Debate, whether a Man has Power to kill himfelf : For this^ fays he, is not for the Publick Good : Now Mr. HoADLY had before fuppofed fuch a Man to be in the State of Nature, e'er any fuch thing as Publick Good was in- vented, and certainly he may kill him- felf, if he has no other Reafon to the contrary, but 4 thing not yet in Being ;
And
Bijhdp ofl^xctcr. ^7
And if the Pubhck Good be the Reafon, as Mr. HviADLY argues, why a Man may give up his Ufe to the Govern- ment : Certainly his own Private Goody which is the Foundation of the Pub- lick, is as good a Reafon for killing himfelf, when Government is not efta- blifhed ; But Mi*- Hoadly is aware, that even in a State of Nature^ Private Good is no Reafon, why a Man fhould take his own Life ; Becaufe, there is another y even God^ who is the jole Pro- frietor ofiiti .ztid therefore, he only can confign it over to the Magiftrate ; Hence it is plain, That what a Man has not a Power jovtr hi?nfelfy Iiq cannot contraCi for with another ; and that, with usy the : Power of Life and Death is not fo tontraci.ed for^ is very obvious ; In the Original Contract^ which is plea- ded between Pr^^^e and Pe^ipie, there is no mention of the Penalty on either fide : And iF we recur to the- Lawy this Power was Prior to our Statutes^ it be- gan in the Common Law, and was the Jole A^ and Deed of the Royal Preroga- tive, exclufive of the Power of the Peo' fie. Mr. Hoadly's Story of a fingle
Man's
48 A Vindication of the
Man's going out to meet a Company of i Robbers, in order to fuftaln the firft | Onfet, when he is not fqrr; any of his i Neighbours will follow him, they be- \ ing under no Contract but in a Puioe \ State of Nature^ has been fo amply \ confuted in a late Pamphlet, Intitled, ^ A Hue and Cry after the Man in the I White Shirt, who came out against the j Englifh Forces in their late Attempt on. \ the French Coaf-, that i fhall not iiU \ fiftoti it, but refer the Reader thereto; j I am forry to hear Mr. Hoadly fay, | that in this and the other Cafe of a i Lifted Soldiery a Man contra£^s for his ' Life in fuch a manner, that he is fare : to lofe it : Which he there Judicioufly ' calls, Vent^uring, PagiiS; I would by no means be thought to difcouragc i the Recruiting LawSy but I hope our Officers and Ju dices preach no fuch DoSrine to our Prest Men and Volun^ teers; If a Man does that, which will certainly coft him his Life : We call him Rajh and Fool-hardy : and this^ we are told by t'je Learnedy is a Sin ; There is indeed a Meceflity, that Jome Ihould fall in the IVarSy and jull fo is there in
the
Bijhop of Exeter. 49
the Weekly Bills : but no fiHgle Perfon enters upon any fuch Projed, In full and fure Hopes of being one of that Number; lobferved, that Mr. Hoa.d- LY has Judicioufly expreiTed part of this Contrao: by, l/'enturing : A -Soldier contrails with his General, to venture his Life : and fo in proportion do But- chers^ Mafo'/is^ Builders^ Miners^ and indeed all Labourers and Servants with their Maflers, fince they run a propor- tionable Venture, and may be killed in their Services : But certainly this can never prove, that the Mafier is there- by conftituted a Judge of Life and Deaths or that any Contract of Life And Death pafles between them ; But Mr. HoADLY exprelTes himfelf j^/^ more Judicioufly, when he fays, that this Contra£l is, on the Subjeds Part, an Obligation, engaging him to fuhmit to Deathy when the Magi/Irate ordains it : And there is no doubt but he mull fo fubmity only the Queftion is, who (hall impofe the Sentence ? and that^ I pre- fume, by the fame Contract, is left to the Magiilrate, (ince it is not given him thereby^ but fuffos^d to be in him F h?fore \
^o A Vindication of the
before ; Mr. Hoadly may argue, that by entring into the Chrijiian ContraSty I engage, that I mil be damned if I do Evil : But will this pmve, that I have therefore any Power or Right to difpofe of my .own Soul^ or that I give away this Right to God by fuch a ContrAci ? or that if I fhould e/tter into a, League ivith Helly and be at an Jgreement with Damnation^ fuch a Contrail as thiSy tho mentioned in Scripture^ would be of my Force and Validity ?
Ill the Jecond Place, Mr. Hoadly urges, that grantmg a Man has no Power over his own Life, yet he may, in fome Cafes, have a Power over the Life of his Brother ; For the clearing of thisy he goes on in his Suppofition of a State of Nature^ when Men were without any Form of Government: and tells us, that there are, even noiVy juch States of Men in Being', But, if Contracts, of any fort, make a Govern^ ment or Society, I believe it will not on- ly he dijficult, but tmjjcffible for him to prove this, by any Inltances ; Howe- ver, for the fake of Argument, let this
be
Bijh(^ of Exeter. 5 1
bs/uppofed and taken for gr ante J : And then, Mr. HoADiY urges, th^t in fc/ch a Cafe, it is lawful for tverj Man to kill a Murderer _ or Malefactor: And OzV;, he fays, had juH Reafon to fear, this would he his Fate ; But how can Mr. HoADLY prove, that Cain was in a State of Nature, and under no fort of Government whatever ? And if he were in no fuch State, this muft pafs for one of Mr. Hoadly's Unfortunate Injlances ; Befides, whatever Fears and Horrors Cain's Conference might juftly diftate to him, It is certain God ?nark''d him out, that he fhould not be -killed, tho he deferved it ; What ? would God pro- feci a Murderer ? No furely ; But there was as yet no pofitive Publick Law a- gainli this Crime, and tho Natural Rea- fon and this firsl Ad of Murder gave fufficient Grounds for fuch a Law, yet Cain was fpared becauie there was no fuch Law yet Fublijljed : Which fhews us, that the Rights of Nature are not fufficient to eftablifli Goruemment and 'Laxv, without an Immediate Divine Com. mijjion and Inftitutton, Indeed, I can- not fee, fuppofing a State of Nature, F 2 how
5 2 A Vindication of the
how it is Po0le there can be any fuch thing as Murder or Malefaciure^ judid- ally ipeaking : and where there is no Tranjgreffiony certainly there ought to be no Punifhment; If in the State of N^ture^ I fee one Man kill another, how do I know, but the Perfon kill'd is a Murderer or Malefa^or, and fo falls juftly? If I offer to enc^uire ov examine^ That is judging my Equals^ and prefup- pofes Government ; iF I kill every Man, that I fee kill another^ by the fame Rule mother ought to kill me^ and ano- ther again the Survivor: Which, ia Procefs, puts an Effectual End to this Imaginary State; To prevent which, Mr. HoADLY fuppofes, in fuch a St ate ^ feveral Ferfons entring into a volunta- ry J(fociation, who may then defend themfelves, or judge and punifh, a Murderer, Malefador, or Number of Invaders • But_ certainly fuch an Jffo-^ ciation is a Contract : and Contra^s de* ftroy the State of Nature : Which quite fpoils the Suppofition. Mr. H o A d l y puts another Cafe, and affirms, that if a Perjon be fet upon by a Kt-Jjiany he may defend himfelfy and kill his Ad^
verfary :
Bijhop of Exeter. 5 3
verfary : This he calls, the Right of Self'Prefer'vafion : This he proves to be univerfaily received, and feems afionifhed to find a Perfon of his Lord- fsifs Judgment, oppoCmg fo manifefl z Truth ; His Lordjbip does not particw Urly mention this Cafe, and there- fore can only be fuppofed to Contra- did it by General Confequences : and in this, Mr. Hoadly is not in the leaft behind his Lordjbip ; For he owns, Fage the 217?, That this is a,n Extraor- dwnry Cafe : and if Jo, then the Excep- tion muii {land by it felf, and the Ge* nerd Rule, That no Man has Power 0- tier hts Brother's Life, muft run as it did ; I would defire Mr. Hoadly not to be Afionifhed, if I tell him, that in this Cafe, a Man may kill the Jggrejfor, for this very Reafon, becaufe a Man has no Power over his 'Brother's Life or his own : fo that Mr. HoadlyV Cafe is exadly againft him ; for, if a pri- vate Perfon could have fuch a Porver^ the AggrelTor might perhaps plead it in this Cafe, and then it would be un- lawful to refill him: Or if the Perfon attackt had Pomr over his own Life, he
might
54- A Vindication of the
might then tamely refign it ; but in This Struggle, the Forver of Life and Death is not the thing to be Confider-!- ed, for in that they are both Equal : but the Difference between them, is that of Wrong and Right, Innocence and Injufiice, and it is this that muft decide the Contention ; For fmce there is an abfolute immediate Neceflity one of the ?«7f? Lives fhould be lofb (and only this C'> uiiiftance can make Refiftance Lawful in the Perfon Attackt) it is reafonable, the Innocent Life fhould be Spared, and the Vnjufi and Guilty Life, that of the AggrefTor, PertjL
His Lordjhifs fecond Proof for the Divine Authority of Government, is, that of the Apoltle : There is no Power but of God ; Upon which Mr. Hoad- LY argues. That by his Lordfhip's In- terpretation Robbers and Vfurpers may he jatd to derive their Power from God ; He urges further. That the Power here meant may be only permiffive ; That this Power mufijiill be limited to the Good of Societies J and that it does not exclude the People • As to Mr. HoadlyV Limita- tion,
Bijhop of ExctQT. 55
tion, his Lordjhip does not deny^ but pofitively ajferts it ; Befides, the Jpojile is not here fpeaking of the E?td, but the Inftitution and Origin of Government ; Now that this Power is not barely Per- miffive^ appears from the ftrid Injun- ction laid on us to obey this Power, on Pain of Damnation : and tho God may fermit Evil, yet he certainly no where enjoins us to Comply with it ; fo that I would ask Mr. Hoadly, how it is polTible, that the Holy Scriptures them- felves could have exprell any Divine Commiflion whatever, but in this man- ner, unlefs they had pointed out the particular Form and Perfons defign'd to govern in every Nation, which his Lordjhip and Mr. Hoadly are both a- greed they do not ? But Mr. Hoadly complains, that the People are excluded ; Whereas, in Truth, they are eftdlijhed by this very Scripture, and may plead thQ fame Divine Commiflion, where the Conftitution is Popular : for the Scrip- ture leaves it to the Conftitution to fet- tle the Form ; And therefore, an English Prelate, muft apply the Text to an Eng^ iijlj Conftitution, which is Monarchical
and
5 6 A Vindicatim of the
and Herediury ; So that Mr. Hoadly, if he infiits on his own Ex^ofttion^ in Favour of Robbers anci VJurpers, muft prove, that Robbers and V/urpers are the Powers in being with us ; It is true, that Robbers and Vfurpers may get Pojfeffion for a time, but whilft a better Title be- longs to any in beings thofe are the Powers in beingy by our Conftitution.
A Third Argument infifted on by hfs Lordjhipy is, that the contrary Noti- on of Refinance is plainly grounded on a. Supposition falfe in taci^ viz. That there was a Number of Men e^ual among them- felves created together : Whereas his Lordjbip affirms, that every Man is born a Subject in his Natural or Political Ca- facity ; Had it been otherwife : Had this fuppofed State been Real: then indeed, his Lord/hip owns, the Power contended for in behalf of the People, might have been their juft Right ; Upon the/e To- picks, Mr. Hoadly remarks : That if this be fo, his Lordihip's Argument of the Power of Life and Death falls to the Ground^ fmce his Lordfhip argues^ That this Power could never be tn the People in
any
^\Bi/hopofExttcr. t^j
any State whatever^ either of Subordina." tion or Equality ; Now in Anfwer to this, it is oblervable : That when his Lordfbip fuppofes fuch a Cafe, he does not fay, that, Confequently^ and of Courfey this Power would belong to the People : But he fays, that poffiblj it might have belong'd to them ; His Lordjhip owns, that neither Magijlrate nor People^ have it effentially in them' felvesy but by Divine Defignation ; His Lordjhip Contends that this Defignation was made to the Magiftratt, and not to the People ; But then certainly, fuppo- ling Mr. Hoadly'j State of Nature^ for his Lordjhip to fay, that it is poiTible the fame Defignation might have been made to the People^ is by no means a Contradiction to hts Lordfbip*s firfi Infe- rence and Argument ; His Lordjhip di- ftinguifhes between a Natural and Po- Uttcal Capacity : Whence Mr. Hoad- LY argues, that a Man may he horn free in his Political Capacity, tho not in his Natural : and he lays, it mil not prove, there rvas always a Political Juthority^ to fay, there rvas always a Paternal Authori- ty • Paternal Authority is a Natural G Rtghty
5 8 A Vindication of the
Right ^ but his Lordfhip denies that there is Any Natural Right to Government \ The Queftion then in Difpute, fays Mr. HoADLY, isy whether there ever rvas a time without Civil Government ? To this his Lordfjip anfwers, Every Man is horft a Subjeii to Paternal or Political Forver : which Mr. Hoadly fays, is begging the Quejliony and taking for Granted the thing in Debate ; To this, tho it would be Sufficient to Reply, that .notwith- iianding Faternal and Political Right 2.VQ Different^ yet they are notfo Diffe- rent^ but one might give Rife to the ether »• as Popular and Monarchical Right are different^ yet Mr. Hoadly knows, there are^ that contend, to make one of thefe the Foundation of the other ; But waving this, I muft re-mind Mr. Hoadly, that mfome Refpe£ls Politi- cal and Paternal Right Differ^ and in o- ther Refpefts they agree ; Children obey your Parents in all things^ is a Divine Law : and the Right given by this Law, is Natural : Now to this Law the Child pleads, that he is not to obey his Parents in all things, becaufe there is a Magijlrate fuperior to his ParentSy
who
Bijhop of Exeter. 5 9
who has fome thinors in which he com- mands him, by a Power Paramount to Faternal Authority : But then this ///;»- fofes the Magiftrates Right and Power infiituted and efiahlrjhed : Whereas in the State now fpoken of, we luppofe no fuch Right, and then it is plain, no fuch Right can be pleaded : Whence it follows, that fecting afide the MaoI. firatey Paternal Power muft extend to all things Political in a State of Nature^ or to all things which would be Politi- cal if a State of Government were cre- eled; Thus far then they are the fame ; but when Men Increajed^ and Families Multiply^d and Intermingled : it being impofliblc for the Subjed: to prove his Relation to the/r/ Planter of his Coun- try (tho the Name of ^oi and yiv©^ was ftill kept up as fynonimous to that of Subje8:s and People) Then there appeared a remarkable Difference be- tween Paternal and Political Power, notwithftaiiding at frjl they were cer- tainly one and thQ jame thing ; Let Mr. HoADLY apply this^ and he will find it Anfrver all the Objecbions, he has offtr'd againrt/;;j Lordjhip on this Head. It is G 2 true
6o A Vindiaation of tie
true that Paternal Right is a Naturd Righc, and his Lord/hip has difclaimed all Natural Right, as well as Mr. HoADLY : But then furely he mufl: be underftood to mean this (and his Lord- (hip has fufficientiy exprefs'd fuch a Mcmiag) with Refpect to the Forms and Perjo'ris now in Being, whereas Mr. Ho A.DLY is here arguing in quite another State^, when the Right was Paternal^ ^nd in Paternal Right Mr. Hoadly owns that the Perjons are exprefly named ; and that this Paternal Right was the Ground and Rife of Political Right, He declares to be the Judgment of many wife Writers, Page the ^othj tho I am forry to fee Mr. Hoadly fo Unwilling to be reckoned amongft them,
Mr. Hoadly declares, there are In- ftances of People without any Form of Government y in 2Lpure State of Equality : Jle forgets to enlarge upon the Happinefs of their Condition, and to fhevv, hom eajy it is for them to agree in fome Settle-i ment, being ail Equal ; But are thefe without any Compact or Agreement f l£ ^hey are not, as I believe none of them
are ;
Bijbop of Exeter. 6 1
are : This alone will deftroy Mr. Hoad- ly's State of Pm^e Equalify, And tho fiich an Inftance be nothing to thofe^ who are mfy nor ever were, infuch a. State ; yet certainly even in this very State, as defcrib'd by Mr. Hoadly, there are Famili^es : and then, they have Paternal Power amongft them : and if there are Perfons to obey^ and others to h obeyed in all things', can Mr. Hoadlx except Politicd Things, when there i$ no Fower that can claim a Right to thofe things, but what is purely Pa- ternal f This furely will effectually dc* ftroy his State of Pure Freedom and £- j^ality,
: tFrom N^ ^ to Page ^7, Mr. Hoadly cbntends for the Right of Self-Defence^ and the Limitation of the Political Com- mlJion : both which are lufficiently af- ferted by m^ Lord c/Exetek ; But then Mr* Hoadly feems highly AJionijh^dy and thinks it jirikes at the Root of the. Government^ and nearly touches the Ho- nour of God, that his Lordfhip fhould affirm, as he does, Serm, 1704. Pages 17, 18, 19. Thai it ts in the Power of the
Su-
62 A Vindication of the
Supreantacy^ to alter the ConJlitution\ Now in delivering this PofitioHj^/j Lord- /hip ^hmly J^ppofes a Supreamacy in every Nation or Society, and fuch a Suprea* macy there muH be^ where there is a So- ciety : for Societies are made by Contra^s: Contrails ^vtc^WQ a common Judge and, final Determination^ and where fuch final Determination is lodg'd, there is the Supreamacy ; That the Supream Pow- er ought in all Alterations, to confult the Good and Genius of the People : His Lordjhip freely confeiTes ; Now upon this Bottom, i prefume to prove, that Mr. HoADLY has, by denying the Su- preamacy this Power of Altering the Confiitutiony not only Jlruck at, but ef- fectually undermined tht Government i Not only touch'^d the Honour of God, but aBually fuUy'^d and defird it : and thereby endeavoured to bring on thofe Evils, which his Lordjhip, by afferting this very Power, defign'd to prevent ; I would know of Mr. Hoadly,- what he means by the Confiitution ? Either he muft mean, the Perjons governing : or the Lawsy by which they govern ; Up- on the frfi Explanation, his Lordjhip
con-
Bijhop of Exeter. 65
contends, that ':he Sapreamacy^ and thAt alone, can alter it felf, by its own Con- fent : This Mr.HoADLY denies ; Now 'tis plain, the Supreamacy here in Eng-. land was once in B.fmgle ferfon^ Inde fen- dent^ and VncontrouUhle^ Exclufive of P-arltAments and People : to whom we were all Slaves and Fajfals ; And if this fmgle Perfon, as Mr. Hoadly argues, could not alter the Confiitut'ton^ by calling Parliaments^ and giving Charters ; Then are we not free^ but Slaves and Vajfals ftill : Then are Parliaments V' jurpations and Illegal ImpofttlonSy and the Statutes, on which our Liberties and Properties ftand founded, are null and void ; Does not this Jlrike at the Go- vernment, does it not effetlually over^ turn it ? But if the Law be the Lonftitu- tion, and the Conflitution cannot be aU tered: Why do Parliaments mQQt? And why are Old Statutes Repealed, and Neiv ones Ena^ed? Since no Authority can be pleaded for either ; And if this be True, what becomes of our Churchy our Religion, our Reformation, our Re^ volutton ? All which, his Lordjhtp, in the Pages cited by Mr. Hoadly, has
effedu-
T,r,f ,« M 1 « « 4 i m m m § m § § f c Jf « ;« n 4 « Ai i^i% 1 a*! • 1
if C t I f « «V« « «\ i^i^^« i
ar^c « « « .« a m m «%^t^V//« ! « :« « :« ,4 ^ ^1 .« € fl^lili^i^iVi
in 1 1 : M M i SI t.J
1-:: J!L...lL...!Jt
tr-
^l^'-^
a.< —
M Or
£>T*
1^ ^: • ^^ i\
',^ «J1>
J
I
#
BtJ^'y of Exeter, 6^
Evil Works, i Praife to them that do well ; In af to thts^ it is plain, that his Lordjh: > take the Text in Gene- raly and 1- la ins it : and then cer- tainly ad lavreUnAte Powers are imlu-^ ded : as Pan ot the ^upreamy A6ling in hu Jieaa^ nd Perfon^ and accounta- ble to him ^Av ; But is it not NAtuvd to fuppofe, tat an Apofile^ writing to the RomA?is. tho he does dilcourle ojf Government m General^ fhould yet have a partt.:Ur Eye on that particular Governmen; under which thofe very Romans t' vere ? Q2in2i general Do- drine be ly XJ^q^ unlefs thus par- ticularly o , M ? And arc not Rum an ^ Ephefian, u Cor/W//M;i? Texts thus ap- ply'dby .. a* Divines ? Had not Mr. HoADLY '.. - EHgiifb Nero in his Eye^ when he t<jk the Oaths to htm ? And does he nc make the i^.me particular Applicatio i*f fome of thefc very Jl?jf^^ to our ov\ ptrticular Government ? I could wilh Lideed he had applyM them fome where ife : But doubclei's it is a Aetv and extraordinary Revolution in Divinity^ 0 have particular Jppiicati" o»Sy the I and moH ufiful part of a H iier-
1 1
1 1 1
1 i 1 i 3 1
i^t i 1 i
tfc*,^* * i •
M
VAlMli I 'ifi
64. AVindkaiionofthe
effe£lually eftabliftied Ob this very Pow- er of Changing the Qonjtttution : And then furely, Mr. Hoadly, by denying it, not only touches the Honour of God, but Aciudll) defies it, by ruining his Churchy his Religion^ and the very Or- dery to which Mr. Hoadly himfelf be- longs \ ThuSy by pretending to he rtghte* cm over^muchy he has deJtroy'*d himfelf y Let Mr. Hoadly, a Man fo eafy to be jijiomflPdy now apply the faithful Mir- roufy and wonder at his own Irregular Form y Let him be amazed and afiom[b'*d at thefe Pofitions, till he is alfo juddain- iy caft down*
A Third thing complain'd of by Mr. Hoadly, and ni which he thinks his Lordjhip has dealt very Unaccountably, is, that hts Lordjhip iiould fuppofe St. Faul in the Text to have in his Eye the Per fan of the P.oman Emperor ; Mr. Hoadly, in Oppofition to thisy fays, that we ought rather to cake the Text in Ge/teraly as including all lubordinate Magtflraies whatever : That Nero was a WicKed PrtncCy and that the Princes here meant, are laid to be a Terror to
Evil
Bijhop of Exeter. 65
Evil Worksy dnd a Praije to them that do well ; In anfwer to thts^ it is plain, that his Lord/hip does take the Text in Ge/?e' raly and fo explains it ; and then cer- tainly all fubordinAte Powers are inclu^ ded : as Parts of the Supreamy Adling in his fteady and Perfon^ and Accounts- hie to him only ; But is it not Natural to fuppofe, that an Afoffile^ writing to the Romans^ tho he does difcourle of Government in General^ fhould yet have a f articular Eye on that particular Government, under which thofe very Romans then were? Qdinz. general Do- ftrine be of any Ufe, unlefs thus par^ ticularly applyM ? And arc not Romm^ Ephefianj and Qorinthian Texts thus ap- plyM by all our Divines ? Had not Mr. HoADLY our Etiglifh Nero in his Eye^ when he took the Oaths to htm ? And does he not make the {dniiQ particular Application of fome of thefe very Texts to our own particular Government ? I could wiih indeed he had apply'd them fome where elfe : But doubciel's it is a Neiv and Extraordinary Revolution iii Divinity^ to have particular Applicati- o»Sy the hesl and moH ufeful part of a H 6Vr.
% w
9JA
1-: b
(^f 1 « « •
A ft M M 9 f
»»
"'
ft-^te*
66 A Vindication of the
Sermon^ thouf^ht firAngc and tdnaccounti' hle\ That all Powers ought to be a Terror to evil Worksy and a Praife to thim that dti tiW/, My Lord of Kxkter is as fully perfwadedjas Mr. Hoadly : but that only fuch are meant hert^^ will appear bell, by explaining one Part of Scripture by another \ Mr. Hoadl\ af- firms, that St. Pard is, in this Place, reconciling Jhme foolifh Men to the Office of the Afagi/lratCy m ufful to human So- cieties in General ; Jiut I beg leave to fay, there never were any /uch Fools^ at lead no SeH or profeli" Party of them, who dircQly behevM the OHice of the Magi (Irate tn General to be ufelefs ; fo that St. Paul IS not writing to anj fuch Voohy but to Men of Senje : and then, if I can prove^ as I believe I can, that not only good Magijlratcs ought to be obeyed, but fuch as are froward^ un- kiijdy unthankful^ and fuch ^^ will huffet a Man without Pyovocation^ tho the Ro^ Plan Emperor fhould prove to he J uch x fort of a Go'vernor, it will not prcfcntly follow thar he may, notwitliltanding this Text, be dtjohc/d and re filed: For I fuppofe the Jpoffle is recommending ^ fuch
^PLI-
; S{^bTi:o
jB, ifco the /<^
Bijl?op of Exeter. 6j
fuch An Obedience ro the RcrnxKr^ for which (to ufe the Scrips ure-^hvzi^) they might cxpeft Thinks : and not barely fuch * one, tor which they could expect none.
Upon the Fourth General Head, hts Lcrdjbip argues : Thar (ho the Lmws ef Human Governors are contrAry to the Dt^^ vine LAiVy in which Ctfe the JMagiJhdte certain/j exceeds his Commifficn, let this does nof foid their Juthonty : 1 hey are the Miui/iers of God ftill [ In what ? fays Mr. Ho a ply : are they /i? in /Wtf things, which arc without their Com- miirion ? No certainly : tor Aw Lcrd^ jbfp owns, that, /// thts, they exceed their CommilRon : In this there lore, fays Mr. Hoadly, the Suljeci and So- I'ereign are 'Equ.il : and tor that z'erj Rcalbn, lay I, the Suljed cannot ff»- Ji^re and puntjb the AJA^ijirafe^ for no Man can punilh his t.qua! ^ Wc may rejiii a foreign Invader, or a Parent, or an Ecclefiajiical Perfon, in that, to whicli their Power does not extend, la\ s Mr. HoAoi.v : and the Reafon is plain, A fvret<(n Invader is not wv Soveri:i'n, and U 1 there
_,
*J«_<ij«JK.
'VkV
K It I
ft ft
► AW'*
fJOlJl
i ft D § ft I
1.1
1,1'
66 AVindicationofthe
Sermon^ thought ft range and unaccounta,' ble\ That all Powers ought to be a T^ err or to eiil Works^ and a Praife to them that dd well^ My Lord of Exeter is as fully perfvvaded,as Mr. Hoadly : but that only fuch are meant here^ will appear bell:, by explaining one Part of Scripture by another ; Mr. Hoadly af- firms, that St. Paul is, in this Place, reconciling fome foolijh Men to the Office of the Magiftrate^ as ufeful ta human So- cieties in General ; But I beg leave to fay, there never were any juch FoolSy at lead no Seci or profefi- Party of them, who direQly believ'd the Office of the Magiftrate in General to be ufelefs ; fo that St. Paul is not writing to any fuch ■Toofsy but to Men of Senje : and then, if I can prove, as I believe I can, that not only good Magiflrates ought to be obeyed, but fuch as are froward, un- kiijdy unthankful, and fuch as will buffet a Man without Provocation, tho the Ro- man Emperor fhould prove to be Juch a fort of a Governor, it will not prefently follow that he may, notwithllanding this Text, be difobefd and refijted : For I -fuppofe the Jpoftle is recommending
fuch
Bijhop of Exeter. 6j.
fach an Obedience to the Romans, for which (to ufe the ^crfpture-Vhra-ih) they might expefl: Thanks : and not barely fuch a one^ for which they could expect none, ^
Upon the Fourth General Head, his Lordjhif argues : That tho the Laws of Human Governors are contrary to the Di' vine LaWy in which Cafe the Magiftr/ite certainly exceeds his Commijfton, Tet this does not void their Authority : They are the Minifiers of God ft ill ; In what {* fays Mr. Hoadly : are they /Hn thoje things, which are without their Com- miflion ? No certainly : for his Lord" Jbip owns, that, in this, they exceed their Commiflion : In thif therefore, fays Mr. Hoadly, the Subject and So- vereign are -Equal : and for that very Reafon, fay I, the Subjecl cannot cen- fure and punijh the MagiftratCy for no Man can puniih his Equal-, Wc may refisl a foreign Invader, or a Parent, or an Ecclefiafiical Perfon, in that, to which their Power does not extend^ fays Mr. Hoadly : and the Reafon is plain, A foreign Invader is not my Sovereign, and H 2 there
68 A Vindication of the
there is a Porver fuperior to PrieB and Parent^ that may judge between us : but this is not the Cafe with the Su* pe&m ; Mr. Hoadly is fo fenfible of this^ that diftrufting his other Anfwers, he grants, Pa,ge tne 42^, that the Ma' gtftrates Authority to rule welly which is all the Authority he ever had, is not fo m^de void, but that he hath that Autho- rity, fo long as he hath Power : And let Mr. Hoadly tell us, ii all his Power be taken away for ruling ill, whether his Authority to do good, which Mr. Hoadly owns to be Divine, be not ta« ken away with it ; Befides, the Power of reftjiing Evil, the jirH and chief esi part of this very Divine Commiffion is thereby ufurped by another, for vphom no fuch Divine Commiffion can be pleaded. I will not determine the Cafe of a DiJiraBed Governour, or of one puhiickly dijbwning and renouncing all Law r.nd Goodnefs, and frof<'ffing Ty^ rany : The ^rJi of thefs feems to be dead in his Political Capacity, and the Lafi to Abdicate his OiVn pf:rJGnal Right, which a Governor may do by hts ow» €onjent, as his Lordjhip abundantly ac-
know-
Bijhof of Exeter. 69
knowledges ; Both thefe Cafes are ejc- traordinary : and in both thefe, the next Heir is to take in Courfe : But in both, the People are excluded : They are not to rejtit, to cenfure, or fumjb fuch Evil Doers : Becaufe the Funifhmg of Evil Doers belongs only to the Supream, and, the Subjt^ and Supream are in rto Cafe Synommous. I readily grant, the Peo- ple are not to obey an Evil Magiftrate, when doing Evil : they muft not joi/t iffy and comply with it : they may argue, fetitiofj^ and declare againft it : But if thefe Methods prevail nor, th'^yareto permit, and to fujfer it : this God him- felf does : this<?.vr Saviour, and hi^ A- fofiles, did : and their Exar/tple may juftly vindicate my Lord of Exeter, their Succffor and Eollower.
Mr. HoADLY blames his Lord/hip for yecurring to the G(.*ieral Declaration of St, Paul againji Refiilance, ^hich he would have lii/iiied, as the other General Prohi- hiticns are, in Cafes nf private Injury and Opfreffion ; But ii Scrip: ure, and the Na. ture of the thing, require a Limitation in one^ and not in toother, this is no Fault
of
yo A Vindication of the
of his Lprdjhifs j Tho there are Med- fares of Patience andi Forbearance to be ufed in aU Dealings between Man and Man : yet it is not unlawfijl to redrefs Injuries by L/trr, and Juftice, and by B-eJort to the Magifirate\ becaufe there is Scrtfture to prove this Lawful^ as well as to injoin the other ; But what Scripture can Mr. Hoadly produce, to jullify contending with the Supream ? What Redrtjs does it provide in thi^ Cafe, proportionable to that in t'*other ? Nay thefe ziery Texts, which injoin Patience under Private Injuries, feem to be founded, in Jome meafure, on the fup- fos'd irrejlfiable Authority of the Magi- firate : For let us confider them, as fpo- Ken to the Church and the Jpojiles in a Perfecuted State, and one Reafon of their being Jo peremptory, is, That jhouid the Injured Chrifiian refort to the Pagan Ma- gi fir ate, he would have no probable Pro- fpeli of Redrefs ; and fo Injufiice would tncreaje, and Jidch Injufiice too, as woald then be fiampt with Authority : ^yhich plainly intimates, that Religion had pro- vided no prejent Remedy againH it, by any Doctrine of Reftfiance, In the mean time^
Mr.
Bijhop of Exeter. 7 1
Mr. HoADLY is out of all Patience, when his Lcrdfhif tells him, that this Doctrine of Non-refiftance is for the \'Peoflt*s Good : What ? fajis he, is it for the Peoples'* s Goody to be made mi fir able ? to have their Wives and their Children ravtjFd ? and themfelves ruined and un- done ? Molt certainly his Lordjhip meant no fuch Matter ; I have already hinted a Remedy, where the Prince publickly abjures his Religion, Confci- ence, and Larv, and declares univerfal Deftru^ion to his People : But certainly a Complication of many fmgle Faults, c^Ci' not be a Reafon for Refijtance : becaufe there is a Majority of the not Injured^ who have a Right in fuch a Prince, and are protected by him : and it is the Good of the Majority, that ought to determine the C^ ; Befides, one fmgle Supream, cannot drink all the Blood m the Nati- on, nor lie with aH the Women, nor eat all the Children : Dijlance will fe- cure fome, Meannejs and Obfcurlty fhelter others, and Hubmijfion fave many more : But if the People get to be Su- pream, as they muft hQ Jupream, and perhaps more, if they can judge and de-
pofe
72 A Vindication of the
pofe the Sf^prea?/fj then who is fecure ? ThQnFiceyFoiljy^nd Ignorance ^vf'i\[ govern in Courfe : For the Majority of the PeO" pky is the People : and K/Vf, i^o//^, and Ignorance^ make up that Majority ; We had <3»^ Tyrant before^ but now, who is not fo ? and what Dijiance^ what Lurkmg-Place^ what Submiffion^ can fe- cure us from a Mob ? Conftant Expert" erne J a r^r^ Maxim in Politicks^ makes it plain in this Cafe, that the lafl Eftate is worfe than the frfi^ the Remedy than the Di/eafe : and that it is better, not to rejifiy where we can Remonfirate^ can Intreat^ can Petitiony or csin fly from : than ^7 Refijlingy to bring our felves to a State, where not (9»? of thefe Arguments will be fo much as heard or taken No- tice of; What is one Blood-hound to a whole Pack ? the KJng of the j^j, to a whole Hive let loofe about our Ears ? or a Single Storm to a Vniverfal Deluge ?
The Controverfy, thus Jflonijhingly and Unaccountably finiQied between his Lord/htp and Mr. Hoadly : He concludes with 2ifummary Account of the Proceedings at the late Happy Revoluti'
on^
Si/hop of Uxettr. 75
o/iy and yet fippofes his Lordjhip to be
throughly acquainted with it, and co^*
cerned in all the Publtck Meafures of
that Memorable TranfaBion : which he
may call ReJ'peB to his Lordfhip's Stati-
o/t, but it is hardly io to his Lordjhifs
common Senfe and Vnderfianding ; this
whole Bufinefs Mr. Hoadly affirms,
was Conducted and Perfefted, upon
the Principle and Dodrine of Refi-
flmce : and then charges his Lordjbip
with impugning this Doctrine^ ^nd
thereby undermining the Prefent Efta-
blifhment ; Now the Doftrine of Re-
fifia»ce which his Lordfhtp oppofes, is
jttch a DoBrine^ as ftands founded on
the Power of 'J»dgi?fgy Ce?7J'uririg^ and
Vuni\hingy which Mr. Hoadly does
not contend for : and that the Re'volution
was not carry'd on by my [uch Principle
as this^ is plain even from Mr. Hoadly'^
Account ; Neither Lords, Commons^
nor Peopky ever prefumed, m a Formal,
Regular way of Judicature, to Cenjure
or Pumfh King James ; But our befi
Laivjers, among whom I reckon the
yjorv Lord Prejident and Lord Chief Ju-
Jiicey are agreed, That KJng James did
I for-
74- A Vindication of the
formally refign up his Porver^ as King of England, affd his Act and, Deed was as Notorious^ as if he had made a full and ample Kefignation of it under his own Hand : For which reafon, the Cafe of King Richard II. was made a Precedent in thefe Proceedings ; And if this be true, the Right of Supreamacy devolved of Courfe to the next Heir ; the People did not pretend to be Judges of the Caufe, but, as Mr. Hoadly judicioufly exgrelles it, Invited over King Willtam to feize in behalf of his Conjort, to whom they had fworn the Right of Sue- ceffion^ in the very Oath that was taken to King James, Befides, this Deliverer had alio another Reafon for his appear- ing in Arms, and that was, to vindicate his own hereditary Rights^ which were actually invaded by impofing afpurious^ fuppofitory Heir on the Nation, in Pre- judice to the true Legal Succeflion \ Of this the People were fo fenfible, who had aQ;ed all along, when the Prince was in Holland^ as Informers onljy and Jffertors of his Highnefi^s Right : that upon his Arrival, they did not under- take to be Judges and Qenfurers in a-
ny
Bijhop of Exeter. 7 ^
^ny Pablick Caufe whatfoever ; they met not in a Legijlative Way^ but by his Confent as Next Heir : and tho up- on their Meeting, the Vrinces were de- clared King and Queen of thefe Realms : yet the Lurvs call this^ a Recognition^ which does not give^ but fuffofes a Right : and the fame is done in the moft regularly Heritable Kjngdoms, for Inftance, in Scotland before the Vnion^ when that was a feparate Nation from England, ; There was indeed a Vacancy Adjudged : but this too is ufual in cafe of a Dtfputable Right : for it was ur- ged, that the Ihrone is no longer vkant^ than till the next rightful Heir is Re cog" niz.ed : And then, the Throne is fup- pofed to have been full of him before, and what was done in the Vacancy ^ is taken as done by his Authority : and upon this very foot, by the Statutes of' Succejjion^ all intermediate Laws, if the /text Heir lliould not be here at the time of the Demife, are to be admitted as the Jcl and Deed oithe Sovereign, till />f declare the contrary ; Thus was it m the Vacancy oiKjng Richard, which was all along urg'd as a Prscede-at for that I 2 of
7 6 A Vmdication of the
oF,/C. 'J Ames : and the Vncuncy of Kjng Richard was m'ver pleaded, in all the Law from that time dorvmvardsy as a Breach or Infringement of the 0/a H?r^- ditahU Right of Succeffton, But fuppo- fing *"/^^ n'/;c/^ Procejs had been founded on the Dodlrine of Refijlance in its worft Senfe : yet the Cafe is allowed on all hands to be extraordinary^ and there- fore extraordinary Remedies are requi- red ; in fuch S^reights as thefe, oar Le^ gijldturc has often made an Extraordina^ ry Prot'ifion : But i\\Q fame Legtflature injoins, that rvhat ts then done^ jhall not. he drawn into Precedent for the future ; So that the General Vfage and Method of J-'^flice^ muit Remam as they did before.
In truth, there is no arguing in Po- liticks, from Settled and Recet^ved Max- ims, againft all Exceptions whatever; Th^ Iniquity of the Times, and a Con- currence of unforefeen Accidents, will make fome Interruptions and Haws in all the moft General Rules, and yet they remain true and good notwithftand- ing ; To take a Criminal's Life, as an
Eq^ui'
Bijhop of Exeter. 7 7
hquivaknt and Recompence for a little Money ^ or Qood,s of a /wall Value, is no- torioufly contrary to the Original Maxims of Equity: and yet thzDegeneri^cy of Men, and the Ends of Government, make {\ichan Exception abfolutely neeellary ; fo that all that is required in 4 Writer on a Suhjecl fo ticklifli as this, Is, tliat vvhilft he urges the Gefieral Rule, he fhould alio take Care i^oc to forget the htrmtxtions aod Exct^ions : and that my Lord of Exeter has taken this Me- thod, Mr. HoADLY cannot deny ; but to make juch Limitations and Excepti- ons, as will efifedually deitroy the General Rule, is a Method as Aftomjhng as Mr. HoADLY could d^iire. Should we turn the Tables upon Mr. Ho a d l y, and judge him by his own Maxims, impro- ved into Vnexceftionahle Conciufions : we fhould find it eafy to charge> the fame fowl Defigns, of attempting to Dethrone the fytecn, and undermine the Government, upon him, which he has charged upon my Lord of Exeter • it may not be amifs, to Inftance this in fpme few Particulars, ■iu h : ca v.. ..' .
Mr.
X
yS A Vindication of the
Mr. H o A D L Y has fubfcribed, and thereby fworn, to the Articles of our Churchy and in them, to the Doctrine of the Homilies : Now part oUhat Doctrine is, That it is unlawful to refiB the Kjng u^on Any Pretence rvhatfoever : And there- fore, that 'very thing, which fome Men would plead againtt ^/;/j 'z/d^ry Principle, is a Reafon why Mr. Hoadly fhouid more efpeci^Ilj adhere to it : He is to keep the Kj^^s Commandment, becaufe of the Oath of God : And I queftion not, but Mr. Hoadly can readily determine with himfelf, rvhtch he would be beUe- ved in frH, His Word in a Pamphlet, or his Oath in a Court of Juflice. When the late King James had renounced All Law, and the Religion of his Country : Had diverted himjelf of all Sovereignty^ by becoming Tributary to France : had laid afide Councils, and Parliaments, and taken fefuits, Fryars, a.nd .Women, in their Room : and, as our Laws fay, had dclually Refigned the Government : Yet Mr. Hoadly ftill calls him, our Legal Kjng, Page the 45//'.* And ifj^, then certainly, he was to be obey'd in
all'
4 Bijhop of Exeter . 79
all things as fuch : And how then will Mr, HoADLY juftify our treating with the next Heir as already feated on the Throne ? Mr. Hoadly tells us, that the Revolution was a Rebellion of Good Con- fequence^ Page the ^^th ; He does not fpeak this with any Ironical Airs : and my Lord of Exeter has given him no Encouragement to fay fo^ for his Lordjhip calls it, a Deliverance • Now if it be a Rebellion, tho of good Confequence : Yet Mr. Hoadly, who I prefume holds, that we must not do Evil, that Good may come of it, fhould with his heft Zeal de- clare againfl: it : For tho Rebellion be Witchcraft, it is not yet fo far advanced in that Art, as to be able to turn Evil into Good. The Right of ^elf-Preferva^ tion is abundantly acknowledged by my Lord of Exeter : This Mr. Hoadly explains, by the Dodrine of Refinance : But then he waves the Power of Cenfu' rtng^ of calling to Account, and Punijb" ing : Whence with the jufteft Confe- quences imaginable, He proves that ve- ry Do6lrine of Non-r^efifiance, for oppo- fing which, he has cenfured my Lord of Exeter beyond all Moderation, Thus
again,
8o A T^indication of the
again, he roundly afferts in Oppofition to his Lordjhip^ that the Supream Power cannot alter the Conjiitution : by which the Parliame/ity the Protefiant Religion^ the Limit At ion ^ and, SucceJJion of the Crown y are render'd nuU^ voidy and of no Ohlt- gation to the Subject : and yet all thefe were ena6:ed by the Supream Power ^ and are certainly Alterations in the ConJiitU' tion. Now I believe it will be very dif- ficult, even for Mr. Hoadly, to ihift thefe Accufations, otherwife than by Pofitive and General Affirmations to the contrary, grounded upon thc/ame Law and Gofpely whence his other Notions are fuppofed to be taken ; How could he better anfwer the Charge of defign- ing to undermine the Govtrnment And PoTver of Parliaments^ than by a hAnd-*^ fome Declaration in their Favour, as my Lord 0/ Exeter has done, Pages the 15?/; and 16th y Serm. i ? How can he better anfwer, the Charge of oppofing the Prefent Efiablijhment and Succejfion^ than by declaring for them, with as much Zeal, as his.Lordjhip has done at the I ()th Page of the Jan^e Sermon ? And can he vindicate the Revolution in finer
Terms
Bijhop of Exeter. 8f
Terms than thofe in which his Lordjhip has fo happily expreft himfelf, Fage the ^%thy Serm.i. or thofe at the \2th Page? which I cannot forbear Repeating. If is not true LojAlty^ but Cowardice or rvorld- ly-Mindednefsj that ever makes Men give up their Religion and Confcience to the Hu* mour of their Prince^ and yield a blind Obedience without Referve or Exception to all his Commands^ how ungodly and irreli' gidus Joever they be. Thus we fee his Lordjhip is in Nothing behind Mr. Hjadly, as an Jjfertor of the Lrue Le- gal Rights o( the People: but Mr.HoAD- LY has jlrain'*d them, and infilled on them fo Jirenuou/Ij, that he has forgot tha/i OX the Sovereign, which his Lord'* fhip has maintained as well as the other; Thoie In/lances indeed, which I jv// new quoted from Mr. Hoadly, in favour of the Supreamacy, are jRemarkable' : But fince they are the Throws aiid Ef- forts of Truth, fqueez'd from Mr. Hoadly by t!ie Force of Convicftcn^ and are contrary to the Stream of his Argument ; He is yet further called up- on, to declare more avowedly for the Sovereign Pomr^ which he \\ii^ fvorn to
K main-
,5ijf t C ,
^ii f c t t It ai c i 1
,i » f % 1
1 f
.«^ 1 «
^M '« .« It ^"«1t*
« f
V4#^^¥^^
^
*-.-J»:lt*
*.*
w
mM.M'mnM
82 A Vindication of t%e
maintain, both as PrieH and Subject : and ^// that is required at his hands in the Management of this Subjed, will be, fo to vindicate the Sufreamacyy as not to deftroy^ and level it with Sub- ]fciion ; fuch a Treatife as this, will foon (hew Mr. Hoadly the great Bene- fit oiPofitive General Jfjirmattons^ where the Law and Gof^el have not yet fix'd upon a IMiddle Decijiue Point between tno oppofite Powers : And therefore thofe General Positive Affirmations are I think very proper in the Cafe, which, Mr. Hoadly complains, have been ad- vanced againfl: rvhat he has already pub- lifhed to the World on Government : But when he fays, this is JU that ever was advanced againft him, I take thai to be the moft General Pofuive Affirm A' tijon that ever appear'd in Nature ; All Sufreamacy is not unlawful : JH Non- rejifiance, in Cafe of Opprellion, is not dejhucfive of Government : The Non^ ref fiance preached up in 4 late Reign^ was tonfined to 3. fingle Perfon : Suppofc that be laid afide : yet may it not be confned nojv to the Three Eflates ? That it is fo, my Lord Chief Jujlice Hales,
an
Peri:
ti!'
ot
4W' m-
^\
'' '^..k
M-^Jm.
fe j^ fe: i&^rii^
Bijhop of Exeter. 8 3
an unprejudiced 'Judge in the Cafe, nvV- »elfeth : Who tel/s us^ in His Original Power and 'Jurifdiciion of Parliaments, Page the 49^^, That n-here theje Three a- gree to mtfmanagey the Hubjecls of this I\Jngdom are left rvithout all manmr of Remedy, Now if it be fo, this is enough to make the Doclrine a Dt^ty, and ro w. force it on the Subie£l : for 1 know of 9to Law yet made, by which our Repre- fentatives Sire, im. Judicial tvajy accoun- table to their Electors; But however that be: let Mr. Hoadly fo account for Non-re ft fiance^ as that he do not de- ftroy it, and make it Refiflance,^ and we will own the Favour of the Difcovery.
Perhaps Mr. Hoadly thinks, that this IS a Proper Time to infiH altogether on the Rights of the Peo^U: But is he ferious in that Thought ? When all the Struggle is between Subjects and 6'a^- jecls, when Parties are up m Arms, and Tugging for Superiority, Is it aPrcptr Time to preach Paffive Uhtdtence io the Throne ? Should we not rather infift ftrenuoufly on the Poirer of the Srrje- reign, which might then probably allay K 2 thefc
^K. Ir i, %> bHi'
i,_^iLCjii_.
^
#MVi*K
« «r w «r ^:
*jiji
T
82 A Vindication of the
maintain, both as PrieH and Subjeci : and a/I that is required at his hands in the Management of this Subjed, will be, fo to I'indtcate the Supreamacjiy as not to defiroy^ and level it with Sub' p'ciion ; fuch a Treatife as this, will foon (hew Mr. Hoadly the great Bene- fit oiPofitive Geiieral Jffirmattons^ where the Laiv and Gofpel have not yet fix'd upon a Middle Decifve Pomt between tno oppofite Powers : And therefore thofe General Pofitive Affirmations are I think very proper in the Cafe, which, Mr. Hoadly complains, have been ad- vanced againfl: what he has already pub- iifhed to the World on Government : But when he fays, this is Jll that ever was advanced againft him, I take thai to be the moll General Pofictve Affirma- twn that ever appear'd in Nature ; All Stifreamacy is not unlawful : All Non- refifiance, in Cafe of OppreiBon, is not dejiruclive of Government : The Non- refi fiance preached up in 4 late Reign^ was tonfned to a fingle Perfon : Suppofc that be laid afide : yet may it not be confined now to the Three EfUtes ? That it is fo, my Lord Chief Jufitce Hales,
an
Bijhop of Exeter. 8 3
an unfrejudiced 'Judge in the Cafe, mt- ffeffeth : Who (ells us^ in His Original. Power and 'Jurifdiciion of FarliamentSy Page the 49^^, That where thefe Three 4- gree to mifmanage^ the !Suh]eois of this Jsjngdom are left rvithout all manmr cf Remedy, Now if it be/?, this is enough to make the Docfrine a Duty^ and to in- force it on the Subje£l : for 1 know of no Law yet made, by which our Repre- fentattves are, in a Judicial tvajy accoun- table to their Electors; But however that be: let Mr. Hoadly fo account for Non-refi fiance^ as that he do not de- ftroyit, and make it Refifiame^ and we will own the Favour of the Difcovery.
Perhaps Mr. Hoadly thinks, that this IS a Proper Time to infisi altogether on the Rights of the People: But is he Jerious in that Thought ? When all the Struggle is between Subjects and Suh- jects, when Parties are up m Arms, and Tugging for Superiority, Is it a Proper Time to preach PaJJive Uhtdie/ne to the Throne ? Should we not rather infift itrenuoully on the Power of the Soz-e- reign, which might then probably allay K 2 tliefe
84. A Vindication of tie
tbefe Heats, and make up all our Brea- ches ? Or is he 'Je aloes of our Prefent Sovereign f A Queen ! Jo Good to her People! th2.t iho prof ejfes to hd.VQ fio other Interefl f^at theirs, and has confirmed that Truth by a thoufand condefcending Inftances ; We have now no Rival in her Affediions : She is Hke her Glorious PredecelTor, Elizabeth, wedded only to her People : And tho Ihe be far above us, yet is fhe the Mother of us all ; How happy were it for us, if flje were the Abjolute Judge of all our Diflferences ! A Queen, (0 good, cannot be too Power. ful ! but Jo obliging a Queen, may make us too craving ; This certainly, is the beft time, to infifl: Manfully on the Su- pream.tcy and Rights ot the Sovereign, as it was the Propereil: Seafon in a Late Reig^j to urge as Manfully the Rights of the People ; But Men love to be Prepo- fierous : Then we were taught, A^ot to refifi : And now we muif be in- ftruded, Not to obey ; How happily has my Lord of ExETEK avoided tjjeje £jc- treams ? Would to Heaven 1 all our Di- vines had taken the ja^ne Method, and not given the Enemy fuch apparent
Caufe,
Btjhop of E^ttcr. 8$
Caufe, to fcandalizc the Politicks of Church-men,
I fhall not conclude thefe Remarks, with thofe ufual Injuhsy which Mr. HoADLY, and other Moderns^ fo plen- tifully throw about them, at the Clcfe of every CoHtroverjy^ on the fappofed Conquefl of an Adverfary ; But if the Reader IS fatisfy'd with this Defence oi my Lord of Exeter, all thofe Refle£^i* ons which Mr. Hoadly has fo luxuri- oufly dealt abroad in the Eight Ufi Pa^ ges of his Booky muft return with Inte- reft on his own Head ; what is faid in Behalf of my Lord of Exeter, may be a miftaken Reproof to Mr. Hoably : But if he be miftaken in his Rededions on my Lord of Exeter, the World will be induc'd by one of Mr. Hoadly*j own Confidefations, that of his Lord* fhip'^s high Charader, Station, and Virtues, to cslW (uch ^^ Attempt, fome- thing worfe than, Bo/d-r^ef^ : Which is the mildeji: Name Mr. Hoadly himfelf is pleas'd to give it.
I fhall take little Notice of Mr. Hoadly'j way of- Proceeding with his
Lord'
« I r c r r r f f r r f ^ r f r f r r,r r r r f f f r r r .f,r^f r r ( «^c r f r f Jf^c r,f f r •jt c f f r
« t « 1
f Ji i • c 1 « t •
E 1 f t JtX t
t S ^ i I
Jijr 1 1 I jyi « I.
m "
Ik
84. ji Vindication of the
tbefe Hears, and make up all our Brea- ches ? Or is he "Jealous ot our Prefent Sovereign ? A Queen ! jo Good to her People! th^t One pr of effes to have ho other Intcrcfi: hut thtirs, and has conhnned that Truth by a r/^o/ir/i^f^ condcfccnding Inftances ; \Vc have now no Rtvdl u\ her Atl^edions : She is hkc her Glorious PrcdeccfTor, tlizAbtth^ wedded only to her People: And tho fhe b^: far ^hove ui^ yet is ihe the Mother of us dll ; How happy were it for us, if flje were the Ahjolute Judge oF all our DiflxTcnces ! A Q^een^ 10 ,'^oody cannot be toj P.rer. ful ! b\xt jo obhgth^ d Ujf^^"^ "^^y make us too crdvin^ ; This certainly, is the bcfl: time, to infill Man fully q\\ the Su- fream.tcy and Rights ot the Sozerei^Hy « it was the Pioporell Seafon in a Ldte Reign, to urge ms AUnfkU) the Rights di the People \ But Men love to be Prepo- fierous : Then wc were taught, f^ot to reii/l : And now we muli be in- ftrucled. Not to obey ; How happily has nty Lifd nf E\v,TYK avoided /' r fux- tredfns ? Would to Heaven ' ir Di*
vmes had taken the fdmf \, d, and not given ti/e Er.ewy fuch anrv*-
It
>M*
^4ux janzsi
^1 I ••■II it I i t • ■• I • • II-
t^i I I i • • I
jk^i I • • I i
J^J^AA • ^ •
t • • 1 » I 1
.Ml.*.* » » 3 ,.J i • 1 » • 3 "
iLi t I 1 » i 3
• t • 1 > i i :
•^1 it • J i
Bijhop of Extt^r. 85
Caufe, to fcajidalizc the PoU treks of Church-men,
I fhall not conclude thefe Remarks, with thofe ufual InjnltSy which Mr. HoADLY, and other Moderns^ fo plen- tifully throw about them, at the CUfe of every Comroverjy^ on the fappo/ed Conquefi of an Adverfary ; But if the Reader is fatisfy'd with this Defence of my Lord of Exeter, all thofe Rcfle£^i* ons which Mr. Hoadly has fo luxuri- oufly dealt abroad in the Eight Liji Pa- ges of his Book^ muft return with Inte- reft on his own Head ; what is faid in Behalf of my Lord of Exeter, may be a miftaken Reproof to Mr FToadly : But \^ he be miftaken in his Reflexions on my Lord of Exetek, the World will be inducM by one of Mr. Hoadly*j own Confiderations, that of his Lord' fhip^s high Charader, Sution, and Virtues, to call /rvf/y 4^ Attempt, fome- thing worfe than, Boldr,e-fs : Which is the mildeji .\\i?>:e Mr. Hoadly himfelf is pleas'd to give it
otice of Mr, ^ing with his % Lord'
I
) 1 ^
) 1
t • f ~#
1 I r r r r r f f r r i
c f r r r r r r r r r [
f f r r r r
,f f f c r (
fJJ^t f f Jf.c^r f f r
«.« c f c (
t t f I c » 1 < 1
^M 1 i J
« « 1 11 « f ,i « I
t • 1 I
11 C i
JUIJi 1 : t
iM
r^^ \«,^-^ ^
;«.i
84. yl Vindication oft>
thefe Hears, and make up all chcs P Or is he Jejloas o\ Savenign ? A Queen ! / Petffe! thatfhc/T(9/f/f>/ i Intcrcll i'ut thtirs, a" ' t'n: 'I ruth by a thnu huunccs ; Wo \\ \\cx 3ns : SI
r- . ^ ' -
h ,... .-.
i*i, yet is (he /^f /'
happy were it trr Abjolute Ju '^
A Cjf '» .-
.. ' but Joel/
us 1^0 0*41 '
it u K^«e», to I
J. ,
to f
^/ Jk.* ttaiiiiYi
l^i I I I • i t 3 t • ■••1113 M 11 I I t I 3 ft • I • • S I 9
^r r •.§.• I • ft^t. • 1 I
i iLi^i 1 I
1 a 1
" T »
^1
»u
'•^'■«^A«
mil
J/ J
Bijhop ofE\ctr
Caufe, to fcandalizc '^ Church-men.
I fhall not condudf t with thofe ufual HoADLY, and Otl;. tifully throw about : of every Controzrrh^ c Cortqueji of an A ' Reader is fatisfy'd v* ^tt;- Lord of EXETI-R. ons which Mr. H oufly dealt abroad m lit ges of his Bpck^ mnft -?- reft on his own H^' Behalf of my Lor. a niiftaken Rrr But li he br -^ '^ on mjf Lcr _ . . be induc'd by on? ♦" own Confide fhiv^s high < Virtues, t^r thing wc the ruildejt is pleas'd co ^
I fhall ; HoXdlyV w? .
7
it"
■ns
i a
vc the
:he World,
ne of his
this Sub-
!er w; onm
Ahich the
Juldvery much
Thts may
rc7/o;;.
/i*.
f
^
86 A Vindication of tie
Lordjbip in this Debate ; his Lordfiip, in Obedience to the Docfrine he taught, ivas obliged to Publifh his Sermon : and it might have been for Mr. Ho A DLy'i is lory, as a Priefl of the Church of England^ tho he were convinced of the Truth of his ov^^n Remarks, not to have Uncover d the Nakednefs of a. Spiritaa( Parent^ and exfos'*d it to the JVorld ; He might have taken another way of Deci' ding this Controverfy, which through his Lordfhifs great Candour and Affa- biUty, is always eafy and practicable. Is there No Truth, for which Mr. HoADLY profefTes himfelf fuch a Lover^ like to fuffer in this Contention ? No Scandal like to fall upon that Churchy to which, I hope, Mr. Hoadly be- longs as well as his' Lord/hip ? Is this no Violation of that Subordination, which the Queen has promis'd to niaintain be- tween Bijhops and Presbyters ? Surely Mr. Hoadly cannot but know very well, what a noble Precedent of Epifcopal Conduct my Lord of Sarum has given us in a parallel Cafe ; But I trefpal's on his Lor^yZ?//> of Exeter : For all this is fuppofing his Lordfljip to be in the wrong, ' ' • and
Bijhoj^ of Exeter. 8 7
and a Thought like that ought never to be forgiven me.
I have nothing more to add, but only to beg his Lordfhifs Pardon, for the Concern I have fhown in this Debate ; 1 know his Lordjhip wants no Advo- cate : much lefs fo weak a one as my felf ; But I contend not as his Lordfhifs Reprefemative, but as his Humhie Admi^ rer ; I own my felf unfit, to be his Lordjhip^s Champion : yet in Jo good a Caufe, think my felf able to take the Field with Mr. Hoadly.
I hope this will not prevent the World the Happinefs of feeing fome of his Lordjhip^s better Thoughts on this Sub- ject : I have no defign to hinder mj own Pleafure and Satisfaction, which the Sight oi fuch a Piece would very much Augment^ and to which, Jhts may humbly ferve as an Introduoiion.
FINIS.
'.^ C-oc^;
V V
'♦.
f§
'«'>> 1 \y
t^ ■ r 1 i i i t i I I I till I I i"p*i"i\;
'»*■•.•.•.•.•-»-• ••••II • I ■ i ft » » V 1^1 'I. till i ill ■ i I 1 1, 1 ».V fc**,*.*^
•.•.•.•i.* • » » » • • » I a • • » » i^ft^A^- • l,t i i: ft ft. ft ft ft: IT I'
V
/e^?!
i?^w€^^,j«i
-ggf'^^
1"^
Mjor
^jft
^.^.:m::
mm
I « t t 1 t 4 1 I ■ I I ^v m M M 9 « ■ m M '1 r r r r c f f i « • i 4 « • « t t « i a ^^
1
m »: »: »
*-.Jfc.-M
... -
k il. M 1^ i^. i^ 'tt'
^t i. iL ft ft r I ft i I 1 I I I I 1% J I j*i*»**
■ 1 r i. i i §': i' i t § 9' |. §,. fc. §»*»*•'»•*%•.
1
- •■ • • • •
^^r^J^-.^J^
'^t *:^'tBP :