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PROCEEDINGS
: Diviaton of OF THE Sectionc ongag
Moston Society of Hatural History.
aaa
NeOuieg XO Vcb:
LLL SIIIS
1I1S73S3-18 74.
BOSTON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY. 1874.
PUBLISHING COMMITTEE.
T. T. Bouv#. Tuomas M. BREWER. SAMUEL L. ABBOT. A. 8. PAcKARD, JR.
Epw. BURGESS.
PRESS OF A. A. KINGMAN. MUSEUM OF BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, BERKELEY STREET.
PRINCIPAL CONTENTS OF VOL. XVI.
Epw. BurGEss. Custodian’s Report Epw. Picxerine. Treasurer’s Report ee Sato mores A. §. PackArpD, Jr., M.D. Californian Pualenide (Plate | Gp ee W. H. NILEs. Pionoineud at the Monson Quarry, Mass. : Robert RipGway. Catalogue of the Society’s Ornithological ellen! tion, Falconidee BRON Reichs of the Genera Miorastin: Goranvenien: Rupornis, and Glaucidium Mera ere ore T. M. Brewer, M.D. Description of the Nests and Tees of some Arizona Birds : : A. S. PACKARD, JR., M.D. Rare Myriapods t in Meceschiestts: T. Dwient, JR., M.D. Action of the Intercostal Muscles F. W. Purnam. Remarks on the Sai S. H. ScuppER. Rabbit-cats : T. M. Brewer, M.D. Remarks on the croup of ier mit a Tisanence T. Srperry Hunt. On the Crystalline Rocks of the Blue Ridge S. H. ScuppER. Remarks on Papilio Ajax . Tuos. Dwieut, Jr., M.D. Structure and Action of Striated Maes lar Fibre (Plate II.) . F. W. Putnam. Notes on the Genus Myxine . . : A. S. Packarp, Jr., M.D. Transformation of the Cotman Aes Fly (Plate III.) ; L. S. BurBANK. Surface Geology of North Carolina ¥. W. Purnam. Notes on Bdellostoma ALEX. MurrAy. Notice of a Gigantic Squid .
B. P. Mann. Ona Monstrous Female Imago of Anisopteryx pPometaria:
S. H. ScuppER. Ocelli in Butterflies A. Hyarr. Evolution of the Arietide
Joun McCrapy. Observations on Ostrea virginiana, and a new Pavaite.
H. Hagen, M.D. Origin of the “‘ Tailed Man.”’
lv CONTENTS.
H. K. Morrison. New Phalenidz se B. P. Mann. Anisopteryx vernata and pometaria
Tributes to the Memory of LOUIS AGASSIZ. . . . . . . 210, 211,
. STERRY Hunt. Stratification of Rock-masses . R. Grorrt. Notes on the Noctuide . . F. PourTALES. Remarks on Crinoids . : A. ALLEN. Metamorphism produced by the pocung ee Tipe Beds ° M. BrREwER, M.D. Hybridism among the Ducks ata . P. Austin. Catalogue of Mt. Washington Coleoptera L. LEConTE. New Coleoptera . A. ALLEN. Geographical Variation in Nowalt AneHees Squires with a List of the N. A. Sciuride . H. Hacen, M.D. On Amber in North America T. Srerry Hunt. Deposition of Clays : Rospert Rripeway. The Lower Wabash Valley, and Fe) ‘Avia Thane T. SterrRyY Hunt. On Dr. Genth’s Researches on Corundum and its associated Minerals. S. KNEELAND, M.D. Remarks on the inonetees ua Tanieen Pec) oes Evidence for and against the existence of the so- called Sea-serpent. : F. W. Putnam. Notes on the Ophidiide and Ficratienties : T. M. Brewer, M.D. Notes: on the Nesting and Te of Lagopus leucurus : > - H. Hacen, M.D. The Odense Fauna ‘of Genre. F. W. Purnam. Remarks on the Family Nemophide . SAMUEL WELLS. A simple Heliostat . S. KNEELAND, M.D. On the Geology of the Pacific Rutivonde
HUA Ue >
194 204 225 237 239 245 246 263 265 272
276 296 802 804
332 335
337 339
348 349 366 3874 375
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY.
TAKEN FROM THE SOCIETY’S RECORDS.
Annual Meeting. May 7, 1878.
Vice-President Dr. Chas. T. Jackson in the chair. Thirty- five persons present.
Mr. Edward Burgess presented the following report : —
In the absence of the Custodian, the duty of presenting the usual Annual Report on the condition and operations of the Society falls upon me, and I may, I think, congratulate myself in being able to review a year which, on the whole, has been very prosperous.
During the past year, two Honorary Members, one Corres- ponding and twenty Resident Members have been elected. Kighteen general Meetings of the Society, six of the Section of Microscopy, and six of the Section of Entomology, have been held. The average attendance at the former has been twenty-five, which shows, I am sorry to say, a diminished attendance, partly to be explained, perhaps as the effect of the “ great fire”, while the great number of lectures and other
attractions in the city during the winter has also tended to PROCEEDINGS B. S. N. H.—VOL. XVI. 1
- Annual Report.) 2 [May 7,
diminish our numbers. Nevertheless, as from sister Societies reports of similar decrease in the interest of their meetings reach us, we must believe that the causes referred to cannot wholly account for the fact in our own.case. There seems to be a feeling growing up among naturalists that Society meet- ings are unnecessary; they often do not care to hear the results of studies in fields outside of their own specialties, or they prefer to read the papers printed in a Society’s publica- tions, rather than to hear what is often an unsatisfactory oral abstract of their contents. But whatever the causes may be, it can hardly be doubted that the meetings, if rendered inter- esting, would do much to create and foster a taste for the study of Nature among our members, and I earnestly hope that your attention may be given to a subject I believe so important.
Four courses of “Lowell Lectures” have been given during the winter, and a fifth, a course on Comparative Anatomy, by Mr. B. Waterhouse Hawkins, is in progress. The first course, The Principles of Zoology, by Prof. Edw. 8. Morse, had an average audience of sixty persons; the second, Min- eralogy, by Mr. L. 8. Burbank, forty persons; the third, Evenings with the Microscope, by the Rev. E. C. Bolles, two hundred and fifty persons; and the fourth, Chemical and . Physical Geology, by Prof. T. Sterry Hunt, one hundred and fifty persons. Mr. Hawkins’ lectures have had, thus far, an average attendance of fifty. 3
The “ Teachers’ School of Science ” has unfortunately been necessarily suspended this winter, but it is to be hoped, will be again in operation next season. The course of instruction in Botany by Dr. Farlow was completed last June, and the number of teachers attending remained undiminished to the end. The value of the school in advancing the study of Natural History can not be overestimated.
We have published since the last Annual Meeting, two numbers of the Memoirs, one on the embryology of Limulus Polyphemus, by Dr. A. 8. Packard, Jr., and a description of
1873.] 3 jAnnual Report.
Balenoptera musculus, by Dr. T. Dwight Jr. A third num- ber, containing a paper on the fossil Myriapods of Nova Sco- tia, by Mr. 8. H. Scudder, will be issued in a few days.
Of the “Proceedings,” two parts, completing the four- teenth volume, have been issued, and the first part of Vol. xv.; the second part will be distributed in a few days. This part contains the printed record of meetings down to Janu- ary 1, 1873, besides which matter nearly sufficient for a third part, which will include reports of the meeting of last month, isin type. It will therefore be seen that our publications are in a comparatively. satisfactory condition.
Six Societies have favored us for the first time with their
publications :— Société Académique de Maine et Loire. . . . Angers. Société des Sciences historiques et naturelles de IP YEON sa ss Re aera ae nehn tes dace eth ema eo aac so Auxerre. Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali .. . Catania. Naturwissenschaftliche Verein fiir Steiermark. Gratz. Société d’Agriculture, Industrie, Sciences et Arts dueDGpartmentdevla Hozere. 35). 5)... Mende.
Scientific Association of Trinidad. .... . Trinidad.
Important sets of publications have also been received from the Batarvaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Weten- schappen, the Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Isis zu Dresden, the Scientific Association of Trinidad, and, espec- ially, the Société d’ Agriculture, Industrie, Sciences et Arts du Département de la Lozére, 4 Mende.
We have also subscribed to several new scientific journals, among them Max Schultze’s Archiv fiir Mikroskopische Ana- tomie, of which we have obtained a complete set, and exchan ge with the “Lens”, published by the Illinois State Microscop- ical Society, of Chicago.
No important change has been made in the Library since the last Report. One hundred and twenty-five volumes have been bound, but a large outlay for this work is still most nec- essary. Miss Foster has condensed the card catalogue, by the omission of cross references to such general words as “re-
Annual Report. ] 4 [May 7,
port” “memoir,” “monograph,” and the like, which will greatly facilitate its use.
The pressing need of adding a gallery to the back library has been referred to in the Annual Reports for several years, and I hope for the last-time in vain. Many alcoves are run- ning over with thé rapidly multiplying publications of Societies, and until the new gallery allows a rearrange- ment of the library, nothing can be done for their relief. So, too, it is useless to correct the many false references of the card catalogue, until the rearrangement is effected.
To complete our many incomplete sets of Society publica- tion, or scientific journals, much outlay is needed at once, as many of them are out of print, and are becoming more rare and expensive. We lack, also, many recent works in all de- partments.
The additions to the Library during the year number 1338, which may be classified as follows : —
8vo. 4to. Fol. Total.
Volumes 222 50 5 277 Parts 668 179 5 852 Pamphlets 167 22 189 Maps and Charts 20 Total 1338
During the year 532 books have been taken from the Li- brary by 101 persons.
The chief improvement in the Museum has been the alter- ation of the cases in the upper galleries for the reception of the extensive collection of birds. Since the last Report the cases on the west side of the main upper gallery, and those around the galleries of the four corner rooms, have been al- tered. This work is therefore now completed, and the entire bird collection is already placed in the new cases. The railing eases around the lower gallery, containing birds’ nests and egos, have been exchanged with those of the upper, contain- ing the New England collection of insects, thus bringing both these collections into their appropriate places.
New and admirable cases have also been made on the
1873.] 5 {Annual Report.
entrance floor for the reception of the valuable Herbarium presented by John Amory Lowell, Esq.
The superintendence of the exchange of the various col- lections of the two galleries occupied most of Prof. Hyatt’s time before his departure for Europe, in August. These changes, suggested and executed by Prof. Hyatt, enable the visitor, by entering the first gallery and passing around to the right, to study, in order, the Zoological collections, beginning with the sponges and passing to the higher groups. In this series, the birds will be represented by a type collection rep- resenting the principal modifications of the group, while the grand ornithological collection will be confined to the gallery above, and from its great size can never be of great value as an instructive public collection. That portion of the gallery unoccupied by the general collections, is reserved for the New England Faunal collections, which are quite complete, except in the group of Mammals. This, however, can be readily improved. The New England insects will occupy the railing cases around the gallery, the Coleoptera and Lepi- doptera being already displayed and identified as far as possi- ble, and the other groups will be added, I hope, before long.
The position of assistant in the Museum, left vacant by the resignation of Mr. F. G. Sanborn last May, has been filled by Mr. James H. Emerton. Mr. Emerton entered upon his duties in June, and his work will show for itself throughout the remainder of this report.
A beginning at a comprehensive system of labelling the collections has been made. Large labels have already been placed over the zoological collections indicating the class groups, and others will soon be added, showing the families or giving other information. This is an important step towards publishing a visitor’s catalogue, and will add greatly to the value of the Museum as a means of instruction. The Crustacea and a few other groups have also been la- belled with printed labels, and their neatness and legibility is so striking that it would be well to replace the old labels in a similar way, throughout the Museum.
Annual Report.) 6 [May 7,
The duplicates of all the zoological collections have been assorted by Mr. Emerton, and arranged in the basement or elsewhere, so that they are easily available for the many purposes to which they can be applied.
Little has been done during the year in the collection of mammals, except the change of arrangement implied in the alterations of which I have already spoken. A Moose skin has been purchased and is now being stuffed for the N. E. collection.
The principal work done in the bird collections has also been referred to. The transfer of these collections has been a work of much labor. Mr. Allen has given fifty days to their rearrangement, and much of Prof. Hyatt’s time was also devoted to the work, and important assistance has been given by Messrs. Emerton and Saltonstall. The collection seems quite free from Anthreni or other pests, and the new cases will easily preserve it in the future.
Much work remains to be done in identifying and label- ling. Mr. Robert Ridgway has, during the winter, carefully studied and identified the birds of prey, and similar work is needed in other groups. Dr. Brewer has examined and identified the whole collection of skins, and distributed them in groups so as to be easily accessible. The species in this collection not represented among the mounted birds have been laid aside, and Mr. Arthur Smith has already nicely mounted a large number of them, and will continue the work until completed.
Valuable donations have been received from the Smithson- ~jan Institution, principally a large collection of American waders, and from Messrs. Kumlien, Aiken and Bendire; be- sides numerous smaller gifts. A number of birds have also been purchased of Mr. Maynard for the New England Faunal Collection.
The reptiles have been arranged by Mr. Emerton, and but little other work has been done. Quite a number of New
1873.] Tf [Annual Report..
England fishes have been stuffed and placed in the cases. For specimens in these classes we are indebted to Mrs. Rh. C. Greenleaf, Jr.. and to Dr. Kneeland, Mr. T. M. Coffin, and others, but especially tothe U.S. Fish Commission for a large number of specimens from Eastport.
Mr. Sprague has been engaged during the greater part of the year with the insect collections, and has revised the Har- ris Coleoptera from the Carabide through the Elateride, besides arranging and naming the New England species to the same extent. Mr. Sprague has also examined and safely secured our collections of the other orders of insects. Dr. Hagen has kindly studied and identified the Harris Neurop- tera and pseudo-Neuroptera, and prepared an exhaustive re- port on these groups, which is in type for the Proceedings. Mr. Emerton is engaged in the arrangement of the spiders, when his other duties permit, and has greatly increased their number from his own extensive collections. Mr. Emerton has also arranged the biological collection in one of the wall- cases on the western end of the gallery.
We are indebted to Mr. Sanborn for very large donations of insects of all orders, also to Mr. Ernest Papendiek for a fine collection of Kuropean Coleoptera carefully identified, and containing many rare forms, and to many others for smaller gifts.
Dr. P. P. Carpenter is still engaged in the study of our Mollusca in Montreal. During the year he has devoted 592 hours to this work, which has been done slowly and thoroughly. The shells have been carefully compared with the Cuming collection, and the original authorities have been consulted. Since the beginning of the work Dr. Carpenter has arranged more than 1900 species, and has selected and mounted for the permanent collection 10,500 specimens. The remaining specimens have been named and distributed into about 90 series of various sizes, suitable for exchange or for colleges, schools, etc. The principal set has been pre- pared for the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Dr. Carpenter
-Annual Report.] 8 ‘ [May 7,
has chiefly been occupied with the larger and more showy genera, and has completed the Proboscidefera, the Toxifera and a few families of the Rostrifers and Opisthobranchiates,
As for the remaining invertebrates Mr. Emerton has ‘labelled over 2000 bottles of Crustacea, and also many New England worms and radiates. He has mounted on plaster of Paris or wooden stands many corals and sponges, and pre- pared new labels for the former.
Collections of marine invertebrates were made at Hast- port last summer by Messrs. Emerton and Saltonstall, and presented to the Society.
No change has been made during the year in the collec- tion of the Microscopical department. I would suggest that as soon as possible a suitable person be employed to arrange this large collection, and put it in available order for stu- dents.
The increasing duties of the members of the committee on Comparative Anatomy have not allowed them to devote so much time to their collection as in the last two years. The “homological series,” however, has been nearly completed, and several dissections and wet preparations have been added. ‘The series of hearts is now in good condition.
During the winter new locks have been put on the cases in the two corner rooms, and the same should be done with the cases around the main hall, as the present fastenings are very inconvenient. It would be well, also, to introduce glass partitions at suitable points in the cases, as a prevention against dust.
Much work has been done during the year on the collec-_ tion of fossils, which is now arranged in the best possible manner, for exhibition and study. Few additions have been made to the collection, a most valuable one, however, is a trunk of a Sigillaria from the Jogging Mine, Nova Scotia, presented by the Institute of Technology. The trunk is about six feet in height, and will make a striking object
1873.] 9 [Annual Report.
in our entrance hall. A number of specimens have also been received from Mr. Ernest Papendiek.
In the Botanical Department the chief work has been the transfer of the Lowell Herbarium to the new cases already mentioned. The other specimens have also been examined and dusted during the year, but the present cases are so poorly made that such an examination should be made every two or three months to preserve the collection. The Com- mittee reports the collection to be now as large, or perhaps larger, than it should be, and, until a catalogue is published it can be of little use to any one.
Few additions have been made during the year, the most important being some fruits from the Sandwich Islands pre- served in alcohol, collected and presented by Dr. Kneeland.
The collections of minerals is now in good condition, a very large and valuable addition, the collection of Rev. Mr. Beadle, of Philadelphia, has been made by purchase, a por- tion of the cost being subscribed by two members of the Society, and a part of the remainder obtained by the sale of duplicates. The specimens thus obtained, include many of large size and exceeding beauty, and when they can be placed on exhibition will greatly add to the interest of the collection. New cases will have to be constructed, however for its proper arrangement.
Mr. Thos. Gafficld has presented a beautiful Japanese crystal globe to the collection.
The ntmber of visitors to the Museum seems steadily to increase, quite a number of schools have also visited the collection with their teachers during the year. The Museum was open daily to the public during the Peace Jubilee, when the city provided two special police for its protection. Dur- ing the summer, owing to the neglect of the city government to send police officers on visitor’s days, considerable injury was done by visitors to the building and collections, it was therefore decided in October to close the doors until a per-
Annual Report.] 10 [May 7,
manent arrangement for protection could be made. The building was therefore closed for two weeks, during which time, owing to the exertion of the President and others, we were promised two policemen regularly on public days. The promise was however but ill kept, and often only one officer appeared, and he perhaps quite late, and the Museum was even necessarily closed several times during the winter. In March however, exertions were made to obtain police pro- tection which could be depended on, and since that time no difticulty has been experienced, two men being always in attendance.
Mr. Edward Pickering presented the following report of the Treasurer for the past year: —
Report of E. Pickering, Treasurer, on the Financial Affairs of the Society, for the year ending April 30th, 1878.
Receipts. Dividends and Interest . 6 5 ; ‘5 $9,422.98 Courtis Fund Income 3 0 A 6 5 . 666.98 Pratt Fund Income. : 4 5 4 5 3 872.00 H. F. Wolcott Fund Income . 0 5 ° 3 ; 464.00 Walker Fund Income, one half 0 : ‘ 1,283.15 Entomological Fund Income . 2 c . 4 40.00 Bulfinch Street Estate Fund Income 5 5 5 : 1,632.00 Admission Fees : . 6 : : 5 5 1380.00 Annual Assessments . : 3 ‘ A 1,215.00 Lowell Institute ppbedy for Lectures sel Pes ips Scbae Wee 1,157.73 Miscellaneous Receipts. ° ° 5 5 O 870.31 J Cummins? sO) Onabloneire iiss tiie) iter onner mnt 298.39 $17,508.54 Accumulation of Walker Prize Fund . ; F ‘ 1,024.06 $18,532.60 Expenditures.
Museum and Furniture . 5 . 5 S 5 : $1,166.49
Cabinet ; i ; 5 3 5 6 A ; A 2,042.87
Library 3 0 0 : 9 2 940.88
Memoirs and Publications e e e e $1,153.86 Less receipts . : . 5 0 ; - 809.82
—_—— 844.04
Gas. 5 0 6 0 2 5 ; : : 152.21
Fuel . : i ‘ 6 ; 6 4 - . d 5038.05
Repairs of Museum . ite 3 é 5 1,551.05
Lectures 4 5 4 5 : 3 1,157.78
Salaries : . 5 ; - . 5 C : - 5,775.18
Insurance . s ; 5 : 6 2 s 5 2.846.00
General Expenses i fe 5 5 5 ‘ 1,260.12 —_—— $17,189.62 Balance . ; ° ° ° 5 D ; 5 1,842.98
$18,582.60
e
11
1873.]
[Annual Report.
The following is a statement of the Property of the Society, ex-
clusive of the Cabinet and Library.
Museum. Museum and Furniture per last Report . 0 0 . Expended during the year : c luis ° : Walker Fund.
Notes secured by mortgage . . . « « Walker Prize Fund. 18 Shares National Webster Bank . Philadelphia, Wilmington & Balt. R.R. Co. nee & Lake Chalet R.R. Co. Preferred. Cash . ° ° ° Bulfinch St. Bowie lean:
126 Shares Chicago, Burl. & Quincy R. R. Le: é
84 “ ‘Tremont National Bank. 5 6
2 “ Globe se
12 “ Ogdensburg & Tale Champlain R.R. Co. Preferred . ;
19 “ Phila., Wilmington & Balt. B.R. Co. . .
Courtis Fund.
50 Shares Globe National Bank 30 Shares Philadelphia, Wilmington & Balt. R.R. Co. $400 U.S. 5-20 Bonds : : .
S. P. Pratt Pung. 58 Shares Philadelphia, Wilmington & Balt. R.R. Co.
x0) Norwich & Worcester R.R. Co. ‘ 10 <“ National Webster Bank . : 5 6 ‘ Boston National GG s 5 6 3 5
H, F. Wolcott Fund.
60 Shares Philadelphia, Wilmington & Balt. R.R. Co. 28 “ Ogd. & Lake Champlain R.R. Co. Preferred. Entomological Fund.
§ Shares National Webster Bank . Siem senate General Fund.
uy Shares Bates ep uracrurine Co.
Everett Mills ~ ‘ : 5 5 Hamilton Woolen Mills ‘ ‘ ‘ 6
380 66 80 ‘“ Washington Mills . : : : . 18 ‘** Cocheco Manuf. Co. ; : 5 5 5
2 ‘ Lowell Manuf. Co.
See enluacomia iam. OO é :
4 ‘ Pepperell Manuf. Co. . c 0 °
1 ‘“ Amoskeag Manuf. Co. ‘ 2 6 5 38 ‘ Essex County Manuf.Co. . 6 ° . 2 ‘* Manchester Print Works . 6 0 5 1 ‘“ New England Glass Co c 6
2 “ Merrimack Manuf. Co.
141 +“ Vermont and Canada R. R. Co., Pref. St’ k.
98 “ Michigan Central R.R. Co. .
50 “ Ogdensb’g & Lake Champl’n R. R. Pref. Stk.
x0) 09 Philadelphia, Wilmington & Balt. R.R. Co. 24-5“ Boston & Lowell R.R. Co., . é
50 ‘“ Norwich & Worcester R. R. Co.
12 <“ United States Hotel Co.
20 ‘“ National Bank of Redemption
26 “ ‘Tremont National Bank A , ‘ 9
DO Mee Abas UG 6 4 , 6 CasGlobe ee Of : ‘ F 4 10 ‘“ National Webster “ 5 Q 5
Carried forward G a ° 3
$188,989.94 1,166.49
$140,156.43
41,105.00
$1,966.00 1,582.92 077.00
812.95 5,888.87
$15,980.75 10,122.00 257.12
1,281.50 1.088.75
ed
28,680.12
$6,256 00 1,827.50 8,502.50
$3,057.25 5,212.75 1,072.75
657.25 10,000.00
$8, Ovi he 70
3,031.25] 6,808.95
550.00
$1,700.00 38,000.00 7,000.00 8,000.00 7,800.00 1,800.00 8,228.69
1,134. 00 91,392.93
SS
$332,084.80
Annual Report.] 12 [May 7,
Brought forward é é “ 5 A é : $332,084.80 Cash on hand and Assets . : B 5 ‘ s ‘ $1,566.53 Amount of Indebtedness . A 4 A 5 5 3 1,047.70 518.83
Total Value of ER OpERyy, exclave oh eat ang se Library . : $332,603.63
The Fire of November, 1872, subjected the Society to the loss of $2,346.00, in consequence of assessments, and for premiums of insu- rance; and the following stocks received under the will of our bene- factor, W. J. Walker, have become valueless in consequence of the same event.
11 Shares Neptune Ins. Co. - 5 - - - - : : - - $8,160.00 1833s BOstonwe es 5 ; : A : : : j - 2,160.00 «« ‘Washington Ins. Co. - - Ser : : - : 960.00 Total. P 2 2 4 ‘ ‘ 2 ‘ - $6,280.00
All which is respectfully submitted, E. PickERING, Treasurer, Boston Society of Natural History.
Boston, May 5, 1873.
The report of the Nominating Committee, presented at the last meeting, was again read, and a ballot ordered.
Messrs. Mann and Minot were appointed to collect the votes, and they reported that twenty-seven had been cast, all for the nominees of the committee. The following gentle- men were therefore elected officers for 1873-4.
PRESIDENT, THOMAS T. BOUVE. VICE-PRESIDENTS, CHARLES T. JACKSON, M.D., R. C. GREENLEAF. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY, SAMUEL L. ABBOT, M.D.
RECORDING SECRETARY, EDWARD BURGESS. TREASURER, EDWARD PICKERING. LIBRARIAN, EDWARD BURGESS.
CUSTODIAN, ALPHEUS HYATT.
1873.] 13 [Packard.
COMMITTEES ON DEPARTMENTS.
Minerals. Geology. THOMAS T. Bouvk, Wo. H. NILEs, CHARLES T. JACKSON, M.D., JOHN CUMMINGS. L. S. BURBANK. Paleontology. Botany. THos. T. Bouvek, Wo. T. BRIGHAM, N.S. SHALER, CHARLES J. SPRAGUE, Ww. Hi. NILEs. J. AMORY LOWELL. Microscopy. Comparative Anatomy. EDWIN BICKNELL, THoMAS DwieGut, JR., M.D., R. C. GREENLEAF, JEFFRIES WYMAN, M.D., B. Joy JEFFRIES, M.D. J.C. WHITE, M.D. : Radiates, Crustaceans and Worms. Mollusks. A. S. PACKARD, JR., M.D., EDWARD S. MorRszE, A. E. VERRILL, J. HENBY BLAKE, ALEX. E. AGASSIZ. _ Levi L. THAXTER. Insects. Fishes and Repiiles. S. H. ScuDDER, F. W. Putnam, EDWARD BURGESS, S. KNEELAND, M.D., A. S. PACKARD, JR., M.D. RICHARD BLIss, JR. Birds. Mammals. THomas M. BREWER, M.D., J. A. ALLEN, SAMUEL CaBot, M.D., J. H. EMERTON, J. A. ALLEN, J. B. 8. Jackson, M.D.
The following paper was presented :
CATALOGUE OF THE PHALANIDA OF CALIFORNIA. No. 2. By A. S, Pacxarp, JR., M.D.
The receipt of a valuable collection from Mr. Henry Edwards of San Francisco leads me to publish a number of new species con- tained in the collection, in addition to those described in these Pro- ceedines, Vol. xu, p. 881. A large proportion of the species received from Mr. Edwards are unique specimens from his collection, and I am much indebted to the liberal spirit he has shown in entrust- ing them to me for study.
Thanks to his exertions, and the labors of Mr. J. Behrens of the same city, and Mr. Junius Holleman of Goose Lake, Siskiyou Co., Cal., and a collection made by Mr. A. Agassiz for the Museum of Comparative Zoology, as well as the account of Californian species given by M. Guenée, in his work on the “‘ Phalenites,” we are able to enumerate about 90 species from California, Nevada and Oregon. Though this is probably less than one-third of the number that will be found to inhabit California and the States adjacent, yet I think we have sufficient data to enable us to make a preliminary compari- son, our conclusions being strengthened by what we know of other
Packard.] 14 [May 7,
Lepidopterous families inhabiting the Pacific States (Oregon, Nevada and California, in distinction from the Atlantic States lying eastward of, and including, the Mississippi basin). I shall reserve for a final monograph of the family, now well advanced, a more com- plete discussion of the geographical distribution of our Lepidoptera, and itis hoped that much new material may: be accumulated, either to disprove or confirm the suggestions here thrown out, and which I wish to be simply regarded as provisional and tentative. I am also hampered in treating of the Californian Phalenid fauna by our scanty knowledge of the species of the Atlantic States, as the num- ber of species which I have been able to accumulate is very small: compared with those known to inhabit Europe.
The Phalenidge (Geometrids) of California (including Oregon and Nevada) seem to be composed of four elements :
1. Of species of genera exclusively American (North and South). Such are Cherodes, Sicya, Hesperumia, Tetracis, Azelina, Gorytodes and Metanema. Certain species of these, with several of Tephrosia (a genus largely found in the New World) are the most characteristic of the Pacific slope of the United States.
2. The species next most characteristic belong to the following genera: — Halia, Tephrina, Selidosema and Heterolocha. Species of these groups occur in Europe, but especially (all except Halia which has a species, H. wavaria, living in northern Europe) in southern Europe, around the Mediterranean Sea, Western Asia, and Asia Minor; while species of Heterolocha occur in Abyssinia and South America (Quito).
3. The next group comprises a few arctic or circumpolar species of Coremia, Cidaria and Larentia, or of cosmopolite genera, such as Hypsipetes, Cidaria, Coremia, Eupithecia, Scotosia, Acidalia and Boarmia.
4. There are four species common to both the Pacific and Atlantic States, viz., Larentia cumatilis, Camptogramma gemmata, Tephrosia Canadaria and Azelina Hiibneraria.
In the brief introductory remarks to the first part of this Catalogue (these Proceedings, Vol. x111, 381) we briefly alluded to the fact that some Californian Lepidoptera repeat certain features peculiar to the fauna of Europe. I find that there are but two forms strikingly European among the Phalenide, viz., Numeria Californiaria Pack. (wrongly described by me as Ellopia Californiaria, x11, p. 384), which is very near: the European Numeria pulveraria, and quite dif-
1873.] 15 [Packard.
ferent from the Atlantic States NV. obfirmaria, and the genus Chesias, which does not, so far as yet known, occur in the Atlantic region.!
But if we find a very few species which recall the European fauna, there are, on the other hand, many peculiar European genera which do not occur in the Pacific region. In other groups of Lepidoptera there are some species that recall European types; such, especially, are Papilio Zolicaon Boisd., representing the European P. Machaon, and the genus Parnassius, which does not occur in the Atlantic region.
Going out of the Phalenide, we find a few European types of Bombycide which occur in California, and are not found in the At- lantic States, such as the genera Epicallia and Callarctia.
On the other hand, we find in California no such development of the genus Lithosia as in Europe, no species of Zygena, no Psychide (except Phryganidia, an aberrant form); no such development of Hepialus, while Xyleutes robinie, as in the Atlantic States, represents the European Cossus ligniperda; moreover the various forms of Lasiocampa, and other allied genera, are far less numerous, if not quite wanting in the Pacific region .?
We miss again in the Pacific States any species of Telea or Tro- pea, forms linking the Atlantic or northeastern American entomo- logical fauna with that of northeastern Asia (Telea being represented by the closely allied Antherea, and Tropea Luna being represented by T. Selene Leach). California has evidently not borrowed her insect fauna from northern China or Japan.
In the Neuroptera we have strong European features, the genus Ihaphidia * occurring in the Pacific States, and not in the Atlantic,
17 also referred to a supposed species of Rumza. On further examination I find that this and the Maine species are types of a genus different from, though allied to, Rumia, and accordingly in the present paper call it Hesperumia.
2 L. carpinifolia Boisd. is, according to Grote, a species of Gastropacha.
3 Dr. Boisduval, who was the first to publish a lepidopterous fauna of California, enumerates the following species of Lepidoptera as being common to California and Europe: Vanessa Atalanta, V. cardui, V. Antiopa, Chelonia caja and C. Dahu- rica, Arctia (Phragmatobia) fuliginosa, Gonoptera libatrix, Phlogophora metricu- losa, Amphipyra pyramidea, Agrotis exclamationis, A. annexa, A. saucia, A. Jumosa, A. ravida, Cucullia asteris, C. lucipara, Plastenis subtusa, Noctua trian- gulum, N. plecta, Hadena pisi, H. protea, Monogona Hormos, Plusia festuce, P. questionis, P. ni.
These are scarcely more distinctive of Europe than of America, some of them being common to the subarctic regions of the two continents, and others may yet prove to be distinct from the European species.
1 Rhaphidia has as yet only been found in Europe, northern Asia, and western North America (MacLachlan). i
Packard.] 16 [May 7,
while Boreus Californicus is more like the European B. hyemalis than our two Atlantic species.
The crustacean fauna of northeastern America, with Limulus as its most remarkable feature, repeats that of eastern Asia; but on the other hand Dr. Hagen states that the European genus Astacus oc- curs in California, while Cambarus is only found east of the Rocky Mountains.
Mr. F. W. Putnam informs me that of one hundred and seventy- three genera of fishes given by Giinther as inhabiting the seas about Japan, only about thirty-six are represented on the northwestern coast of America, and of these thirty-six the majority are also found in the Atlantic, while about eighty others of the Japanese genera are also represented on the southeastern coast of North America and in the West Indian seas, of which a number are found on the western coast of Central America as well. He also tells me that the fresh water fishes of northern Asia, when compared with those of other regions, more nearly resemble those of the northeastern parts of North America, though a number of the genera are also common to both North America and Europe. By the same authority I am in- formed that there is a striking resemblance between the reptiles and batrachians of northeastern Asia and northeastern America.
My attention has been drawn to a consideration of these features in the geographical distribution of animals by a perusal of the able and suggestive essay by Prof. Gray on the distribution of Californian plants, in his address at the Dubuque meeting (Aug., 1872) of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and of Mr. Lesquereux’ able papers in Hayden’s Geological Reports on the Ter- ritories, 1872. The main features in the geographical distribution of land animals are apparently the same with those of plants. Prof. Gray shows that “almost every characteristic form in the vegetation of the Atlantic States is wanting in California, and the characteristic plants and trees of California are wanting here” (7.e.,in the Atlantic States). We may, on the whole, say of the Californian Lepidoptera, at least, as Dr. Gray remarks of the plants, that they are “as differ- ent from [those] of the eastern Asiatic region (Japan, China and Mandchuria) as they are from those of Atlantic North America. Their near relatives, when they have any in other lands, are mostly southward, on the Mexican plateau. ... The same may be said of the [insects] of the intervening great plains, except that northward
1873.] urd (Packard.
and in the subsaline [insects!] there are some close alliances with the [insects] of the steppes of Siberia. And along the crests of high mountain ranges the arctic-alpine [insect-fauna] has sent southward more or less numerous representatives through the whole length of the country” (p. 10). He then refers to the “astonishing similarity ” of the flora of the Atlantic United States with that of northeastern Asia. Our actual knowledge of the insect species of northeastern Asia is most vague compared with the exact knowledge of the botan- ist, and the comparison we have drawn relates only to generic types.
It is evident that the notion of continental bridges in quaternary times, connecting, for example, Asia and California, is quite unneces- sary, since there are, so farasis yet known, no forms characteristic of Asia in the Californian fauna, and the grand difficulty is to account for the presence of a certain resemblance to the European fauna in that of California. Here I think Dr. Gray has been the first to indicate a solution of the problem. Our knowledge of American fossil tertiary insects is at present almost nz/; we must, then, in the absence of any evidence to the eontrary, follow the conclusions of Gray with the later confirmation of Lesquereux.
The ancestors of the Californian Parnassius, Rhaphidia, and other European forms, may have inhabited the Arctic tertiary continent, of which Greenland and Spitzbergen are the remains, and their de- scendants forced southward have probably lost their foothold in the Atlantic region, and survived in California and Europe, like the Sequoia in California. Something more than similarity of climate is needed to account for the similarity of generic forms; hence com- munity of origin, with high antiquity and a southward migration of
1 Dr. Leconte has noticed the similarity of our saline-plains beetles, containing so many species of Tenebrionide, to the fauna of the deserts and steppes of Asia. (Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1851. Albany meeting, 252.) He also states that “the only manner in which the insect fauna of California approaches that of Eu- rope, isin the great abundance of apterous Tenebrionide. But in this respect it does not differ from a large part of South America; and by the very form of these Tenebrionide, which bear no resemblance at all to those of Europe, the greater relation of the Californian fauna to that of the rest of America, is clearly proved.” Mr. Andrew Murray (On the Geographical Relations of the chief Coleopterous Faune, p. 36, 1871) also refers to this fact; the genus Hodes in California replacing the genus Blaps. Headds: ‘‘ other Heteromerous forms, reminding us of Mediterra- nean and Asiatic species, occur in California, and the whole of the northwest of America has a greater preponderance of the microtypal stirps than perhaps occurs east of the Rocky Mountains.”’? I should add that Mr. Murray, in explaining the term microtypal, states that ‘‘ the fauna and flora of our own land [Great Britain] may be taken as its type and standard.’”’
PROCEEDINGS B.S. N. H.— VOL. XVI. 2 NOVEMBER, 1873.
Packard.] 18 [May 7,
forms not of tropical origin, are the factors needed to work out the problem. That something of this sort has taken place in marine animals we know to be the fact. Certain forms now supposed to be extinct on the coast of New England and Scandinavia, such as Yoldia arctica Gray (Nucula Portlandica Hitchcock), are still living in the seas of Greenland and Spitzbergen. ‘The quaternary fauna of Maine indicates a much more purely arctic assemblage than is at present to be found. This is also the case with the Scandinavian quaternary fauna, according to the researches of Prof. M. Sars. As we have before shown, the cireumpolar marine fauna runs down along the coast of northeastern America and of Europe, and the‘forms common to the two shores have not come one from the other. Europe has not perhaps borrowed in quaternary times from America, but both have been peopled from a purely circumpolar fauna. If there has been any borrowing it has been on the part of Europe, since the fossil musk ox of France and Central Europe is said to be identical with the musk ox of Arctic America. So also on the coast of northeastern Asia and Alaska are circumpolar forms, which have evidently followed the flow of the arctic currents down each coast. The forms which are identical or representative on these two coasts are species derived from the circumpolar fauna; so the forms which are so strikingly similar in northern Japan to those on the coast of New England are, if we mistake not, also derived from the northward. I believe it to be a matter of fact that the Atlantic States species of insects which are common to the two countries, are, if not of circumpolar, at least of subarctical or boreal origin. From these facts we are led to accept the conclusions of Gray and Lesquereux, that co-specific or congeneric forms occurring in California and Europe and Asia, are the remnants of a southward migration from polar tertiary lands during tertiary, and even perhaps cretaceous times; and in proportion to the high antiquity of the migrations there have been changes and extinctions causing the present anomalies in the distribution of organized beings which are now so difficult to account for on any other hypothesis.
For this reason it is not improbable that those species of insects which are more or less cosmopolite (and independently so of human agency) are the most ancient, just as some forms taxonomically the most remote are remnants of earlier geological periods. For exam- ple, the curious anomalies in the geographical distribution of Limulus, the genus only occurring on the eastern coasts of Asia and North America, accord with its isolation from other Crustacea. Geological
1873.] 19 [Packard.
extinction has gone hand in hand with geographical isolation. It was a common form in Europe in the jurassic period, and in the next lower (permian) period but one (the triassic intervening), we find other Merostomata and a few Trilobites.
We make these speculations, hoping that much light will be thrown upon the subject by studies on the rich tertiary insect beds of the west, and of the fossil insects in the arctic tertiary and cretaceous formations. Until then we must regard all foundations for these hypotheses as laid by the fossil botanist.
Camptogramma fluviata (Hiibn.).
Two females, i.e., C. gemmata (Hiibn.), now shown to be the female of C. fluviata by a writer in the “Entomologists’ Intelli- eencer,” 1858, as quoted in Newman’s “ Illustrated Natural History of [Peitish Moths,” p. 172.
California (Edwards).
Larentia 12-lineata n.sp. 3 ¢, 5°. An unusually small species, half the size of £. dilutata, and about
as large as L. albulata of Europe. ¢ Antenne well ciliated. Head above whitish gray, in front dark brown; palpi brown at tip, paler below. Body and wings white, with a slight grayish tinge on costa of fore wings and on thorax. Wings of the same form as in C. dilu- tata, except that the apex of the fore wings is rather more pointed. Fore wings white, crossed by about twelve black thread-like lines, waved or scalloped, the outer ones mostly represented by venular black dots. ‘The inner lines are usually scalloped. All the lines are more distinct and broader on the costa, and angulated outwards more or less acutely just below the costa. Across the middle of the wings run three parallel lines finer and nearer together than the others. The marginal row of intervenular black spots distinct on both wings. Hind wings white, with four or five dark slightly marked lines, of which the two inner are scalloped, while the vanes outer are repre- sented by venular dark points.
Beneath a little more dusky than above, with the lines on the inner half of fore wings wanting; a median double dusky line, ending in a dark clear spot on the costa and inner edge. ‘The lines beyond faint. The marginal black line distinct on both wings. Hind wings marked like fore wings. Discal dots indistinct on both pairs of wings. Abdomen dull whitish unspotted. Fore legs brown, banded with narrow white rings; hind legs whitish.
Length of body 3, .33, 2, .80 inch; fore wing ¢, .45, 2, .40 inch.
Packard.] 20 [May 7,
This diminutive species seems to occur commonly in California, where it has been collected by Mr. Edwards. It also occurs at San Mateo, Cal., specimens having been collected by Mr. Alex. Agassiz (Mus. Comp. Zoology). It may be recognized by its small size and white, many lineated wings. From Guenée’s L. implicata it differs in the wings being entirely white and alsoin the markings as well as the smaller size. We have in the Eastern States a species very near to it, which I describe below as L. perlineata,! introducing the descrip- tion here for the sake of comparison.
Larentia cumatilis Pack.
Cidaria cumatilis Grote and Rob. Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist., IN. YY, vin (CAtprilS siz).
Cidaria 4-punctata Pack. Proc. B. 8S. N. H., x1m, 385 (1871).
I can find no differences between two specimens from the Atlantic States (one G. and R’s. type from Buffalo, and one from Maine, col- lected by myself), and twelve examples from California, collected by Mr. Edwards. It seems to be much more common in California than in the east. It is nearly related to, and congeneric with, Larentia polata Boisd. from Labrador and Arctic Europe.
Cidaria nubilata Pack. Proc. B.S. N. H., x11, 400.
One specimen from Springfield, Oregon, collected by Mr. Junius Holleman.
Cidaria glaucata n.sp. 1 2.
Of the size and form of C. nubilata Pack., but with the palpi much longer, being of unusual length, the second joint projecting out far- ther than the head is long, while the third joint is longer and larger than usual. Head whitish on vertex and front; palpi ash brown;
1 Larentia perlineata n. sp. 1 7,1 9, closely resembling in size, shape and mark- ings of wings Z. 12-lineata. The head is whitish gray above, in front dark brown; the palpi brown at tips above. The fore wings are white, crossed by numerous wavy fine lines about twelve in number, It differs chiefly from Z. 12-lineata, however, in the median line being much broader and more distinct, and with a broad ochreous shade between it and the line beyond. The hind wings are white, with the scalloped lines on the outer half of the wing very distinct, being continuous and a little diffuse. Beneath much as in Z. 12-lineata, but with four well marked lines in the hind wings, the innermost quite near the base of the wing. Abdomen whitish gray, unspotted. Legs, two anterior pair dusky above, hinder pair white.
Length of body, ¢ .32, 2 .80; fore wing, ¢ .45, 2 .42inch. Albany, N. Y., May — 4th. (Lintner.)
This small species is half the size of ZL. dilutata, and differs in having about twelve fine lines on the fore wings, and four or five unbroken lines on the hind wings. The median line on the fore wings being very distinct and with a brownish and ochreous shade beyond.
1873.] 91 (Packard.
antenne minutely ringed with white and brown. Thorax and fore wings pale glaucous green. Fore wings with a brown squarish spot at base of submedian space; wing clear green beyond, just within the middle crossed by a broad compound band directed obliquely outwards towards the middle of the inner edge; the band is made up of two filiform slightly sinuated blackish and red lines, en- closing on each side of the median wavy smoky gray band a broad green band. Beyondis abroad clear space. A much sinuate submar- ginal smoky band starts from the inner angle, and after a long outward curve ends on the costa (just below which it is dislocated), at a dis- tance from the apex equal to the thickness of the thorax; some black and reddish scales are strewn along the edge of the band. From a squarish thickened portion, as if broken off from the band, reaches out towards the apical black streak, a similar short black stripe; a mar- ginal narrow thread-like black line. Fringe whitish, dark at the ends of bands. Hind wings whitish, with two parallel curved, slightly scalloped dusky lines, situated nearer the outer edge than usual. Both wings beneath pale whitish, concolorous with the upper side of the hind wings, with very faint indications of two outer parallel dusky lines common to both wings. Legs brown, ringed with white.
Length of body .60, fore wing .70 inch. California (Edwards).
This fine species may at once be known by the pale sea green thorax and fore wings, the latter with the obliquely broad band di- rected outwards, and by the unusually pale hind wings and under surface of both wings, as well as by the very long palpi.
Hypsipetes viridata n.sp. 1 .
Tn a perfect state of preservation. Closely allied structurally and as regards size to H. 5-fasciata, the palpi being long, and extended as far in front of the head as the latter is long; the outer edge, much as in H. 5-fasciata, being less oblique than in some other species; the third subcostal interspace is narrower than in H. 5-fasciata. Head, thorax and fore wings deep sea green, mixed with dull clear dark smoky ash, and some yellowish green and a few black scales. Palpi with no green scales, but black and pale ash, being darker below than above. Antenne finely ringed with white and blackish. Fore wings of a sea green ground color, with numerous fine transverse strige, crossed by five clear smoky ashen sinuous bands finely edged with black; the basal very short and narrow close to the base of the wing; the second line is narrow, ends farther from the base of the wing on inner than on costal edge, and is angulated outward conspicuously on
Packard.] 29, ; [May 7,
median vein. The third band is close to, and parallel with, the sec- ond, and twice as wide; it is bent outwards on the median and sub- median vein. A fourth faint narrow band close to third. The fifth, or submarginal line, is twice as broad as third, and very remote from the latter (which is within the middle of the wing); it is nearly straight on the inner edge, though curved outwards just below the costa, while the outer edge is deeply and subacutely scalloped be- tween the venules much as in ZH. 5-fasciata; the band is half as wide on the inner edge as on the costa. Fringe on both wings with a faint median line. Hind wings smoky, with two transverse parallel dusky lines. Beneath much asin #7. 5-fasciata, being smoky ash, with two dusky bands on both wings beyond the middle, broadest and darkest on costa, less curved and farther apart, and farther from outer edge than in H. 5-fasciata. A faint discal dot, better marked on hind wings. ' Abdomen and legs nearly concolorous with hind wings.
Length of body .52, fore wing .67inch. California (J. Behrens).
This handsome species may be readily recognized by the sea green color of the fore wings, and by wanting the apical oblique streak.
Hypsipetes speciosatan.sp. 24.
This is by far the largest and most showy species of this genus yet known to us. Body pale ash, with a luteous tinge; palpi long, brown. Fore wings pale green, arranged in broad bands alternating with equally broad blackish bands, varying as usual in width. The green band in the middle of the wing is partly, or almost wholly white. Six unusually distinct black bands; the insertion of wing black; the first band beyond very narrow, and bent outwards on the median vein; the second very broad and more regular than those beyond, bent outwards at right angles in the discal space; the whitish line is edged on each side by blackish interrupted lines, the spots varying much in size. The submarginal band also dislocated, and very irreg- ular, bordered internally with whitish; this band is merged towards the apex with the marginal band, consisting of a row of triangular spots. Fringe dark brown. Beneath costa paler than rest of wing, with five large square dark brown conspicuous spots. Hind wings smoky gray, beneath with two broad, submarginal dusky bands.
Length of body (not including palpi) ¢ .54 inch; fore wing ¢ .73 inch. Mendocino City (A. Agassiz, Mus. Comp. Zool.).
This showy species may be identified by the black and green bands on the fore wings, the central band more or less whitish, and by the large square costal spots on the under side. In one specimen the
1873.] 23 [Packard.
margin of the fore wing is almost wholly black, with a short vein of whitish green spots.
Melanippe Kodiakata n.sp. 1 &.
A little smaller than, but closely allied to, M. concordata Walk.from New England. Body and wings blackish, body whitish beneath. Fore wings blackish on basal half, with greyish scales, and a zigzag line just before the black discal mark. Just beyond the discal dot a broad whitish band, wider on costal than on inner edge, diffuse externally; on the inside scalloped, and slightly excavated on the median vein, but not so much so asin M. concordata. Beyond this band are two obscure pale wavy lines, the outer ending on the costa, close to the apex (these are wanting in M.concordaia). Edge of wing with a narrower black line; fringe paler than in the other spe- cies, checkered with black. Hind wings with a broad white band, obseure on the hind edge, and angulated outwards just below the middle of the wing. Beneath both wings white, with wide black borders, but white at base, with a basal blackish shade; an outer blackish band enclosing the darker large distinct oval discal dot, and below this angulated outwards. Hind wings white, with a broad black border, and a narrow dark line just beyond the distinct black discal dot, which is much smaller than that on primaries. Legs blackish, ringed with white.
Length of body .37, of fore wing .52 inch. Kodiak Is., Alaska (Edwards).
A smaller species than M. concordata Walk., from Hudson’s Bay and New England; it differs in the white band on the primaries being much straighter on the inner edge, as it is much less excavated, and in having two greyish lines beyond, while the hind wings have a broad white band, where in MZ. concordata they are entirely black.
Cleora umbrosaria n. sp. 1 ¢.
Body and wings ash colored, or pepper and salt; vertex of head pale ash. Fore wings crossed by two scalloped lines, the scallops rounded, not pointed; the basal line straicht from the costa to the median vein, thence curved inwards to the inner edge of the wing; outer line begins on the outer quarter of costa, and follows a nearly straight course to outer third of inner edge, there being no great curve above the third median venule, as in C. pulchraria Minot and pellucidaria Pack., of the Eastern States. Discal dot black. Hind wings in my single specimen without any line; the wing is speckled with dark gray on the outer third. Beneath, the wings are uniform
Packard.] 24 } [May 7,
ash colored, the fore wings scarcely darker than hinder pair. No discal spots, or other markings.
Length of body .55, of fore wing, .75 inch. California (Edwards).
This seems to be a larger species than the two eastern ones, and differs in the outer line being nearly straight in its course, the scal- lops being well rounded, and in having no line on the hind wings, and no markings apparent on the under side of either pair. The fore wings are much produced at the apex, as in C. pellucidaria Pack. The antenne are broadly pectinated, as usual.
Gorytodes uncanaria Guen. 1 ¢.
Body and antennee (which are broadly pectinated) pale ash, con- colorous with the hind wings. Fore wings ash, speckled with brown, with two dark short longitudinal streaks, one on each side of the base of the median vein. ‘The costal half of the middle area of the wing occupied with a large low irregular triangular dark brown area, edged externally with darker; apex ending in a knob, in one speci- men produced angularly outwards, and connected with (sometimes separated from) an irregularly oval patch under the third median venule, and which is traversed by a longitudinal mesial white line. A sinuate white marginal line, beginning just before the apex, and ending on the inner angle, and edged within with dark brown. Fringe pale ash checkered with blackish. A black conspicuous dis- cal dot, in rubbed specimens centered with white. Hind wings pale ash, with a faint discal dot, and a dark narrow marginal line. Be- neath more or less marbled with dark speckles. Fore wings with two parallel white lines fading away below the costal region, a slight ochreous tint along the costa; a faint discal dot. Hind wings pepper and salt, with two dark, parallel, broad shades, angulated on the dis- cal interspace; the outer line nearly touching the edge of the wing; discal dot larger and more distinct than on fore wings.
Length of body .60, of fore wing .75 inch. California (Edwards).
A fresh specimen received from Mr. Edwards differs from certain others more rubbed (and which better agree with M. Guenée’s de- scription) in having the large oval brown spot below the median vein of fore wings distinctly united with the large costal triangular area, and in the more distinct bands on the under side of the wings.
Gorytodes trilinearia n.sp. 2d.
Whitish ochreous. A larger species than G. uncanaria, the an- tenne with much shorter pectinations, the palpi as long, but slen- derer, the wings of the same form, but with the apex of primaries
1873.] AS [Packard.
more rounded, the wing being a little less faleate. Fore wings white at base, and traversed by three white zigzag lines, the basal one on the inner fourth of wing, with a large angle on the submedian space, the apex of the angle filled in with‘a few black scales, as also the outer side of the line (widest here) in the discal space; from the sub- median angle is thrown out a narrow white line, running through the middle of an oval ochreous patch. A longitudinal white streak in the discal space, and beyond a large lunate transverse white spot, the two forming a very distinct exclamation mark. Beyond two parallel zigzag white lines, the inner scalloped deeply below the first median venule; the outer is curved at the apex, and with a broad angle on the independent vein. Fringe white, checkered with dark brown. Hind wings white, fringe white. Beneath as above, but the hind wings are crossed by two irregular, rather distinct and broad bands of ochreous with black scales, and the base of the wing is faintly peppered with dark and ochreous scales.
Length of body .66, fore wing. .82 inch. Nevada (Edwards) . Arizona (Dr. Palmer, from the Museum of the Department of Agri- culture at Washington).
An exceedingly elegant moth, at once recognizable by the three white lines and the mark of exclamation in the discal space, and the narrowly pectinated antenne. ‘The specimen from Arizona is in bad condition, but does not seem to differ from the Nevada ex- ample.
Panagra subminiata n.sp. 1 &.
Differs from any other species known to me, by the vermillion red on the costa and veins, especially beneath, the upper side of body and wings being uniform ash, tinged faintly with vermillion. Front reddish ash, dull red on orbits; the greyish hairs projecting between the palpi well marked. Palpi stout and bushy, concolorous with the orbits, with a dark spot beneath; vertex grey, like the thorax. An- tenne reddish. Fore wings reddish ash, especially on the costa and veins. A linear pale brown interrupted curved line, ending in a wider costal spot. Discal dot, distinct, brown. Outer line forming a broad sinuate shade ending just before the costa. Fringe concolor- ous with the rest of the wing, with a faint pale line just beyond the middle. Hind wings a little paler than fore wings, speckled with brown scales ; fringe a little darker, as in fore wings. Beneath, both wings deeply tinged with vermillion, especially costa of fore pair and
Packard.) 26 [May 7,
entire hind wings, veins vermillion; between them finely marbled with ash and brown scales. Legs tinged with reddish.
Length of body ? (abdomen wanting); of fore wing .63 inch. Goose Lake, Siskiyou Co., Cal. (J. Holleman).
This fine species, communicated by Mr. Holleman, to whom the Museum of the Peabody Academy is indebted for a good many rare specimens from Northern California and Oregon, may at once be known by the reddish ash upper side of the body and the vermillion color of the under side of the wings, by the absence of the usual line on the hind wings, and by the outer line on primaries being diffuse, not sharply defined as usual.
Halia 4-linearia n.sp. 2 ¢.
Closely resembling H. wavaria, to which section of the genus it belongs, the wings being less falcate than in the other species, mar- cessaria and tripunciaria. The antenne are more broadly pectinated than in H. wavaria, being in this respect intermediate between H. wavaria and tripunctaria. Pale ash grey. Head, palpi and body being concolorous with the wings. Sore wings marked as in H. wa- varia, having four distinct costal brown spots, from which as many lines run parallel to each other to the costa; the second one includes the discal dot, but is straighter, not so much aneulated as in H. wa- varia, nor so wide just above the discal dot; the two outer lines be- come obsolete in the middle of the wing, but are indicated on the hind edge, the third being close to the fourth, while beyond is a small dusky patch. A row of intervenular black marks, fringe con- colorous with the rest of the wings. Hind wings with no marking, except the discal dot, which is quite distinct. Beneath pale ash, more uniformly so than in H. wavaria, tinged faintly with ochreous, deeper on costa of fore wings. Discal dots present on both wings, and three faint costal patches.
Length of body .48; fore wing .64 inch. Sierra Nevada, Cal. (Edwards).
Closely resembling H. wavaria, it differs in the more broadly pec- tinated antenne, the less angulated narrower second line on prima- ries, and the duller ash on under side of wings, which, especially the secondaries, are beautifully marbled in wavaria; in these respects it resembles the species of Macaria.
Halia tripunctaria n.sp. 14,1 &.
Antenne with much longer pectinations than usual, being much longer than in H. marcessaria. Palpias usual. Fore wings with the
1873.] a7 [Packard.
apex more produced than in H. marcessaria, being acutely falcated. Abdomen without the two rows of black dots present in marcessaria. Fore wings uniform fawn color, body and hind wings paler. An inner straight brown line, edged externally with yellowish brown ; outer line slightly sinuate. Discal dot large oval lanceolate; two conspicuous dark spots midway between the outer line and the edge of the wing, one being subapical in position. Fringe on both wings a little darker than the wings themselves. No markings on hind wings, no discal dot. Beneath, a decided ochreous tinge, no lines, discal dots distinct on both wings; fringe considerably darker than the rest of the wing. differs from ¢ in the lines being farther apart.
Length of body ¢ .50, 2 .50 inch; of fore wing ¢ .60, 2 .66 inch. California (Edwards and Behrens). ‘
This species differs from marcessaria Guen. and cineraria Pack., in the much more pectinated antenne and the absence of lines on the under side of the wings, which beneath are clear ochreous, not speckled with dark scales, while the two spots with the discal spot arranged in a triangle, gives it a characteristic appearance.
Macaria Californiaria Pack. Proc. B. 8. N. H., xm1., p. 392.
Two 2, collected by Mr. J. Holleman, differ from those previously described by me in some important respects; the present description therefore applies better to the more normal form of the species. Pale whitish grey. Orbits and palpi tinged with ochreous. Fore wings with four costal spots, from which more or less obsolete lines run in a faint series of dots across the wing, second spot the broadest, the discal dot forming a part of the line, third spot forming with a part of the line proceeding from it, a large irregular S extending to the middle of the wing, the line continuing beyond in an interrupted series of fine dots, and with a supplementary spot at the end of the S. Halfway between the S and the apex is a fourth small costal dot. Hind wings with an obscure discal spot, and a submarginal transverse shade; the wing is faintly mottled with smoky dots. Beneath both wings with fine transverse subochreous spots, the lines appear beneath of a smoky ochreous, the third line being less sigmoid than above, as it is curved outwards to the angle, and then goes obliquely and ina straight course to outer third of inner side. LDiscal dots distinct, as above. Hind wings with a distinct outer subochreous broad band near the edge of the wing. A row of dark dots along edge of both wings.
Packard.] 28 [May 7,
Length of body .82, fore wing .55 inch. Goose Lake, Siskiyou Co., Cal., (J. Holleman).
It may be known by the S-like third costal spot, the more yellow- ish tint of the under side of the wings, and by the presence of an outer shade on hind wings. The sigmoid spot is much like the bent spot in the middle of the wing in Halia wavaria.
Acidalia subalbaria n.sp. 1 &.
Allied in general form to A. 5-linearia, but with the apex of fore wings much blunter, with the hind wings much shorter, and with the outer edge rounded, instead of angulated. Head and antenne white, front with a broad black band just below the insertion of antenne. Cream colored, being whitish with a very faint ochreous tinge, whiter and less speekled, with darker scales than A. 5-linearia. Primaries crossed by three light brown lines, the basal slightly curved, farther from the base of the wing than usual. The two outer lines much nearer together than usual, the inner one being narrower and less distinct ; both are less oblique than usual, and not waved. Discal dot obsolete. Hind wings with a discal dot, and beyond the two parallel outer lines same as on hind wings. Both wings with a nar- row black line at base of the whitish fringe. Beneath cream white, discal dots distinct on both wings, those on primaries largest ; beyond them a common diffuse dusky line, straight on fore wings. A fine narrow brown line at base of fringe. Legs white, fore femora and tibize blackish in front.
Length of body .30, fore wing .47 inch. California (Edwards).
In this species the wings are clearer whitish than usual, especially on the under side, and the two outer lines are nearer together than usual, while the hind wings are shorter, and with the outer edge less convex than usual in those species in which the hind wings are rounded instead of angulated.
Acidalia rubrolinearia n.sp. 1d, 1 &.
Closely allied to A. Californiaria. Dull reddish ash; the fore wings with four dull brick red wavy lines (three on hind wings). Body and appendages, including legs, a little darker than wings, especially on the under side of body, where there are black scales mixed with the brown ones. Palpi stout and bushy, with unusually long hairs. Antenne with long dense cilie ; beneath black, above pale brown. Wings a little darker at base than externally; fore ‘wings with a basal curved reddish brown line; an indistinct brown discal dot ; beyond three parallel dull reddish brown wavy lines, the.
1873.] 29 [Packard.
inner twice as broad as the outer. An interrupted fine black line at the edge of the fringe on both wings. Hind wings with three lines, the inner straight, the broadest and darkest wavy, within which the wing is dusky. Fringe on both wings reddish snuff brown.
Beneath, the wings are a little clearer than above, with the two middle lines very distinct, reddish brown, the inner less wavy than the outer, the wing within being dusky, edge of wing with the black line and fringe as above. Legs reddish brown, tarsi paler, though with scattered black scales. |
Length of body ¢, .35, 2, .83 inch; fore wing ¢ .43, ? .43 inch. California (Edwards).
This species is deeper brick red than usual, and the scales on the palpi are longer and more spreading than usual, with four brick red lines crossing the fore wings; the middle line on hind wings is much more waved than in A. Californiaria Pack.
Hyria occidentaria n. sp. 1¢.
Fore wings with much the same shape as in H. auroraria of Eu- rope, though the apex is slightly more rounded, while the hind wings have the outer edee more rotund. Antenne finely ciliated. Body and wings very pale fawn brown, tinged very faintly with vinous, vertex of head pale; front and palpi dark brown. Fore wings clear pale fawn, with the middle occupied with a broad dark hour-glass shaped band, wider on the front edge than on the inner; the inner side quite regularly hollowed out, the outer side produced outwards in the middle, with two acute parallel teeth, and a third below situ- ated farther within the wing; below this the band dilates on the inner edge, while on the costal side it goes nearly straight to the costa; a diffuse faint submarginal shade. On both wings a row of venular marginal black dots. Fringe long, silky, concolorous with the wing. Hind wings with same markings as on fore wings, but with the submarginal shade rather more distinct; the broad band has two larger teeth on the outer edge, and the shade beyond has two zigzag angles parallel with it. Obscure yellowish discal dots on both wings (distinct under a lens). Legs pale, fore femora and tibie dark, Beneath smoky, the bands being replaced by diffuse smoky lines.
Length of body .24, fore wing .33 inch. California (Edwards).
This fine species differs from an undescribed Texan species to which it is structurally closely allied, in having rather darker wings, with the submarginal band much darker, and the form of the middle band quite different.
Packard.] 30 [May 7,
Hunemoria n.gen. ¢. Allied to Nemoria, but the head is much narrower in front, and.
not so broad on the vertex; in front the sides are nearly parallel. Palpi about as long as in Nemoria, but much stouter, slightly ascend- ing, third joint distinct, thick, rounded. Antenne pectinated nearly to the ends, the branches short, those in the middle of antenne about twice as long as the joints. Fore wings shaped much as in Nemoria, but rather more pointed at th eapex; outer edge straighter, hind wings long, much more rounded, and not angulated, as in Nemoria.
The costal space of fore wings is very much narrower than in Nemoria. Abdomen shaped much as in Nemoria, being acutely pointed at the tip, which just reaches the anal angle of the hind wings. Hind tibiz swollen, with four stout acute spurs, while there are but two (terminal) in Memoria (male); a long large accessory tuft, as in Nemoria. Hind tarsi slender, nearly two-thirds as long as tibie, while in Nemoria they are half as long as tibie and stouter. The single species known is light green, with a single rather broad common line, not wavy and straight on the fore wings, curved on, the hind wings.
Eunemoria unitaria Pack. 14d.
Palpi pink; front red; vertex white and antennz white above; abdomen white; thorax and wings deep pea green, deeper than in most species of Nemoria. Extreme costal edge white. A single common white line crosses both wings; on the primaries it is straight and situated just beyond middle of wing; on hind wings it is well curved, and situated just beyond the middle of the wing. Fringe white, on the outer edge pinkish. Two anterior pair of legs reddish.
Length of body .45, fore wing .53 inch. Nevada (Edwards). ©
The narrow red front, and structure of hind legs, the pinkish edge to fringe, and rather large size, are the distinguishing marks of this species. :
Eunemoria tricoloraria Pack. 1 ¢.
Antenne well pectinated, white above; palpi stout, red, white along the lower edge, wing much as in the eastern species, EH. rubi- vora (Riley sp.) Pack. Front duller red than palpi, vertex white, with a few reddish scales at base. Body and wings pea green. Fore Wings green, costa white, tinged with red at the base. Two curved, much wrinkled white lines cross each wing, nearer together and more waved than usual. Fringe green. Whitish at insertion, and at the
‘
1873.] 31 [Packard.
outer edge. Fore and prdolle tibise and tarsi reddish. Beneath fore wings pale, deeper green on the costal half; basal two-thirds of costa deep red. Hind wings whitish green. The outer line on fore wings faintly reappears. Abdomen wanting.
Length of fore wing .40 inch. California (dwards).
Chlorosea ! n. gen.
Belonging apparently to the same group as Nemoria and Eunemo- ria, and less closely to Phorodesma. Head with the vertex not so broad in proportion as in Nemoria or Pseudoterpna; front moderately broad, less so, however, than in Nemoria. Palpi rather long and slender, projecting farther than usual beyond the front (though not nearly so much so as in Synchlora), slightly ascending; third joint small, but distinct. Antenne pectinated almost to the tip; branches about half as long in proportion as in Nemoria; in ? slender and filiform. Fore wings shaped much as in Nemoria, costa curved in the same manner, apex subacute, outer edge curved in much the same way. ‘The costal space is slightly narrower in proportion than in Nemoria, and the fifth subcostal or subapical space is small, being one-fourth as long as the wing, while in Nemoria it is much larger, being one-third as long as the costa of the wing. Hind wings of much the same shape as in Phorodesma and Pseudoterpna, not being produced and subangulated, as in Nemoria, or so long and fully rounded, as in Hunemoria; the apical region is full and rounded, while the outer edge is very straight. The abdomen does not reach the anal angle of the hind wings; its shape is much as in Nemoria. Hind legs unusually small, tibiz very slender and short, shorter than the tarsi, and with but a single terminal pair of spurs in both sexes. No essential difference between the sexes.
Coloration much as in Nemoria. The known species are of larger size than usual in the allied genera.
Palpi less ascending than in Nemoria, antenne one-half as widely pectinated, but wider than in Hunemoria. The hind legs are much as in Phorodesma, but there is but one pair of spurs, and the vertex is not so broad as in that genus, while the antenne are pectinated nearer the tip.
Chlorosea Nevadaria n. sp. 1 ¢, 2 °.
Pale pea green. Head whitish at the insertion of the antenne (which are white above), but greenish on the hinder edge of vertex; front pale greenish, pink on the orbits; palpi whitish; thorax green;
1 KAwpés, green; o7s, moth.
Packard.] 32 [May 7,
abdomen white. Both wings pale oreen; fore wings whitish on extreme edge of costa; an oblique, rather broad band, straight in its course, crosses the wing from just beyond the middle of the inner edge to the outer fifth of the costa; it is situated nearer the outer edge in the 2. No other markings. Hind wings slightly paler than primaries, with no markings. Beneath uniformly pale green, hind wings a little paler than primaries. Legs whitish, two anterior pairs of tibie pink.
Length of body ¢, .55, 2, .45-.50 inch; fore wing d,.70, 2, 60- .68 inch. Nevada (Edwards).
The smaller of the two ¢ has paler hind wings, and an entirely reddish front. The species may be recognized by the large size, the want of any markings on the hind wings, and by the very slender hind legs with the single pair of tibial spurs.
Tephrosia nigroseriata n.sp. 2d.
Differs from any other Californian species by its rust red color, and its two rows of black points. Palpi long and slender; antenne thick- ened, ciliated. Head and thorax pale rust red, concolorous with primaries. Fore wings not falcate, apex, bowever, subacutely pointed; outer edge full, convex; hind wings not so sinuate as usual on outer edge. Fore wings uniformly pale rust red, with obscure scattered dark scales, and a slight dark discal point; two series of black points, inner oblique, but not curved, angulated slightly on costa; outer row of submarginal venular black dots, and a corres- ponding series on hind wings. A row of fine black dots along the base of the fringe. Hind wings with no apparent discal dot, paler than fore wings, with no specks. Fringe concolorous with the rest of the wing. Beneath of the same tint as above, with the row of black submarginal dots common to both wings; no inner line. Hind wings much more speckled with black than above, and with a con- spicuous black dot. A dusky shade in the middle of the fore wings. Abdomen long and slender, passing beyond the inner angle of sec- ondaries.
Length of body .55, fore wing .60 inch. California (Edwards).
The pale rust red tint, and two distant rows of black points, will serve to distinguish this species from any described by Guenée.
Tephrosia falcataria n. sp. 1¢.
This species has remarkably faleate wings, the tip of the fore wings being acute, the costa being more bent down at the tip, and the outer edge excavated much deeper than usual; the costal area is wider,
1878.] , 33 [Packard.
hence the four subcostal venules are shorter than usual, but their mode of branching off is the same, being much as in 7. nigroseriata Pack., to which the species is more closely allied than any other form ' known tome. Antenne well pectinated, dark brown, as usual, con- trasting with the rest of the body. Head, thorax and fore wings pale reddish fawn color; hind wings and abdomen much paler, much more whitish than in the other species. Fore wings with very uniformly reddish fawn, with no conspicuous bands or rows of spots and re- markably few scattered dark scales, the wings in all the other species known to me being more or less densely dusted. Discal dot small, black; a submarginal row of about six obscure dusky spots, arranged in a straight line parallel to the outer edge. A marginal series of black venular points. Fringe deeper reddish than wing itself. Hind wings almost whitish fawn, unusually clear, with a few faint scat- tered dark scales; a dark discal dot; fringe reddish, concolorous with that on fore wings; no other markings on the wing. Beneath both wings alike, a little less pale than hind wings behind, but tinged with reddish on the edges, and more specks. Discal dot and marginal row of dots as above. Fringe darker than rest of wings. Hind wings a little more dusted than primaries. Discal dot much larger and more conspicuous than above. Abdomen not spotted.
Length of body .50, fore wing .64 inch. California (Edwards).
Known by its unusually falcate primaries; its clear wings free from the usual bands and scales, and by its reddish hue.
Tephrosia Canadaria Guen.? ¢. I cannot find any differ- ence between one rubbed ¢ specimen of this species, and individ- uals from New England, but others are needed for a more thorough comparison.
Hemerophila latifasciaria n.sp. 1 ¢.
Of medium size; antennz broadly pectinated, hind wings rounded, as usual well dentated. Body and wings pale ash; front with a round dark spot; palpi with the third joint black. Hind edge of prothorax, and hinder edge of the basal segments of the abdomen with a black band. Fore wings pale ash, with a broad curved basal blackish band; outer line slightly oblique; straight on the inner edge, curved inwards in the middle of the wing; thence going straight to the costa; this portion of the line is represented by three or four venular dots, the costal one being the largest, while the posterior two-thirds of the line is bordered externally by two diffuse parallel
PROCEEDINGS B. 8. N. H.— VOL. XVI. 3 NOVEMBER, 1873.
Packard.] Ot SOA ' [May 7,
broad lines, the whole making a broad band. Costal edge speckled with dark ash. Outer edge scalloped, with a black point between each scallop. Hind wings concolorous with fore wings; two parallel slightly waved lines; beyond the middle of the wing a very distinct, nearly straight blackish line, with a supplementary brown shade beyond. A submarginal broad shade. A. black line follows the scallops. Fringe whitish. Beneath uniformly pale, costa with trans- verse dark strige, the outer band forms a smoky shade beneath, and on hind wings a smoky line. Legs ash, two anterior pairs of tibie and tarsi broadly banded with blackish.
Length of body .60, fore wing .73 inch. California (Edwards).
Metanema aurantiacaria n.sp. 1 &.
Body ochreous, wings orange-ochreous. Palpi slender, passing slightly beyond the front. Fore wings orange-ochreous, no inner line apparent, outer line oblique, but in its course very straight, not bent on the costa; it is brick red in color, shaded inside towards the middle of the wing with deep ferruginous orange. No markings on the edge of the wing. A single line on hind wings, straight, not reaching the costa, and of the same color as that on the front wings. Beneath, the wings are of the same color as above, but a little clearer yellow and the lines faintly reappear, that on the fore wings being a little curved. :
This species belongs to the same section of the genus as M. cervi- naria Pack., and is a little smaller, with the apex and angles of the wing more acute; behind the angles the wings are entire. There are no discal dots, and the moth is quite different from Guenée’s MW. for- Jficaria, which does not yet seem to occur in American collections.
Length of body .60, of fore wing .77 inch. Nevada (Edwards). _
Recognized by the acutely angled wings, the straight ferruginous line, and the deep orange ochre of the wings.
Eurhinosea! nov. gen. {
Allied to Caustoloma. Head of medium size. Front very wide, much as in Caustoloma, the surface being convex, and the sides con- verging slightly in front. On anterior edge a pointed tuft of con- verging hairs extending between the palpi. ¢$ antennz subsimple, being ciliated, each joint widening anteriorly, the scales on the front edge being raised and spreading out; in ? much more filiform, slightly ciliated. Palpi remarkably long, second joint passing beyond the head by a distance about equal to the width of the front, third joint
1E%, well, ‘pis, ‘puvds, nose.
1873.] 30 [Packard.
unusually long and pointed, as long as second joint is wide. Tongue feebler than in Caustoloma, but of about the same size as in Nemato- campa. Wings somewhat resembling those of Caustoloma, but not aneulated; fore wings with costa more convex than in Caustoloma, but just as in Nematocampa and Venilia; apex obtusely pointed; outer edge full convex, but not angulated; inner edge two-thirds as long as costa. Hind wings much like those of Caustoloma in outline; but not hollowed out below the apex, neither are they convex, but the edge is straight between the apex and middle of the wing. The venation differs from that of Caustoloma, which it resembles most, in the costal area being wider, and consequently the costal vein and first three subcostal venules shorter and more oblique, and they are nearer together. On the secondaries the second subcostal venule arises much farther than usual from the discal spot, a third of the way from the dot to the end of the vein, while in Caustoloma it arises at the dot. The venation of the secondaries is more like Nemato- campa.
Hind legs long and slender, tibiz with four stout spurs. Abdomen long and slender, just reaching the anal angle. In style of coloration the genus reminds us of Caustoloma, and more remotely of Nemato- campa. ‘The body and wings are yellow, with fawn colored costal spots, and the edges of the wings are stained with fawn. In size the only species yet known is. intermediate between Caustoloma and Nematocampa. Its large, long, acute palpi, simple antenne with tri- angular joints, and its non-angulated wings, will distinguish the genus.
Eurhinosea flavaria. 44,2 °.
Body and wings deep ochreous yellow. Palpi brown on sides of second joint. Fore wings clear yellow, costa fawn brown at base, two costal brown spots in the middle of the wing, the inner oblique, the outer nearly straight. No lines in the middle area of the wing; a small discal dot (sometimes wanting), a minute dot on the origin of the third or lower median venule; outer edge of the wing below the apex broadly margined with fawn brown to, and enclosing, the anal angle, the band being as broad as the thorax. Hind wings con- colorous with the fore wings; a rather large dark dot close to the origin of the first subcostal venule, a triangular marginal patch just below the apex; otherwise no markings. Beneath, from a large basal costal spot, proceeds a fine curved line across the wing, and with a much curved one within, forms a ringlet. Beyond the con- spicuous dark discal dot a broad diffuse pale brown shade crosses the
Packard.] 36 [May 7,
wing, slightly scalloped externally; the shade does not connect with the outer costal spot; the marginal shade is dark on the oblique upper edge, but is fainter towards the anal angle than on the upper side of the wing. A faint row of diffuse smali spots between this shade and the middle shade. Hind wings with a very distinct discal dot. A narrow, fine, much curved line crosses the middle of the wing; another sinuate line midway between this and the margin; the - part just below the apex is oblong rather than triangular, as above.
Fringe brown on both wings, with darker spots on ends of venules
beneath ; towards anal angle of secondaries fringe becomes yellow-
ish. The two 2 and one ¢ are paler, without the marginal dark
band, while the lines below are well marked, the ¢ median shade of
primaries being represented by a very distinct sinuate line, with
three rude ringlets on the inside of the line, and the fringe is yellow-
ish; in another specimen the lines are much more distinct.
Length of body ¢, .45, 2, .40 inch; fore wing d, .50, 2, .50 ineh. Sierra Wenn (Edwards).
This interesting species may be known by the non-angulated yellow wings, with the broad marginal shade, and the subtriangular spot on- hind wing, and the large discal dots on hind wing on inner third of wing.
Sicya crocearia n.sp. 34,4 &.
Sulphur yellow; palpi and orbits deep reddish orange; thorax sulphur yellow, concolorous with the primaries; hind wings pale yel- low, a little deeper than the abdomen. Primaries crossed by two light brown lines, the inner (often obsolete) oblique, scarcely curved and bent at right angles on the costa; the outer runs straight from just beyond the middle of the inner edge of the wing to the costa, on which it forks, ending just before the apex; beyond this line the wing is pale fawn brown, the apical region clear yellow. Hind wings with a single sinuate reddish or brown line, beyond which the wing is tinged with reddish, while within the line it is inclined to be whit- ish. Beneath whitish yellow, primaries more yellow than seconda- ries; the outer line a broad reddish orange band, with the wing beyond tinged with the same color, the apical region yellowish; a brown or paler curved line on hind wings, with a few brown flecks beyond, though those are often wanting. Legs pale, a little darker at the ends of tibie, or broadly ringed with dark brown.
Length of body ¢,.45, @, .35-.50; of fore wing 3, .55, 2, .47- 72 inch. California (Edwards and Behrens) ; Nevada (Edwards).
‘1873.] 3T [Packard.
The inner line is often obsolete, or represented by a few spots; the outer varying in depth of color, usually but little darker than the brown portion beyond. Hind wings sometimes yellowish, with a brown line. A large 2 from California, received from Mr. Behrens, differs from the others in having the outer line on fore wings obsolete between the median vein and the costa, and the lines brown, and hind wings more yellowish and speckled with brown scales.
In a single ¢ specimen from California, the costa of fore wings is arched, the wings being much broader and fuller; a distinct dark tri- angular costo-apical spot, while the base of costa is reddish, the secondaries much more rounded, and the line nearer the middle of the wing, and distinctly scalloped, but I judge the three forms to be simple local varieties, as the markings vary considerably in this genus. The five Nevada individuals are smaller than the others, and with narrower wings. ‘This species differs from Sicya truncataria Gn., which it very closely resembles, in the more sinuate outer line on the fore wings, while the margin of the wing is deeper brown. Whether these differences are permanent cannot be determined unless we have more material.
Hesperumia n. gen.
Closely related to Angerona, agreeing with it in the strongly pec- tinated antennz, the branches reaching to the tip, and in the large, well developed head, which is quite free from the thorax; the palpi much the same, but a little larger and blunter. Fore wings more pointed at the apex, and less angulated in the middle of the outer edge. The subcostal venules are shorter, sent more direct to the costa, and the costal interspace narrower than in Angerona. Hind wings full, not sinuate, the sinus being almost obsolete. Hind legs as in Angerona, the spurs of the same relative size. The female is much smaller than the male, while in Angerona the female is consid- erably larger than the male. In its mode of coloration this genus recalls Rumia, hence our generic name.
Hesperumia ochreata n. sp.
Deep ochreous, with brown flecks, and a large discal rine. Head ochreous, becoming reddish on the sides and anterior edge of the front; palpi dark brown, especially on the tips, with ochreous hairs at base on under side; antennz brown, concolorous with the palpi. Front of the thorax deep ochreous, hinder portion, abdomen and legs much paler. Fore wings deep ochreous, more or less flecked with brown, sometimes the flecks are wanting; two lines, one crossing the
Packard.] 38 [May 7,
middle of the wing and forming a large discal ring larger than in the European Rumia crategata, and enclosing a pale dot; the line is a little sinuate, and is often obsolete, es ecially in rubbed specimens, leaving a distinct distal ring and costal spot just in front of it. An outer very sinuate row of spots, often obsolete, except on the costa. Wings brown.
Hind wings paler than fore wings, with no markings, but a little deeper ochreous towards the outer edge. Fringe concolorous with the rest of the wing.
Beneath on fore wings no lines or discal spot, but the outer costal brown spot is present, and there are brownish costal spots within. Hind wings same as above. Legs a little dusky at the femoro-tibial joints ; tibie a little dusky.
Length of body ¢, .55, 2, .50 inch; of fore wing ¢, .72, 2, .62 inch. 1 ¢, 2 2, Sierra Nevada, Cal., and Nevada (Edwards).
Metrocampa virido-perlata n.sp. 1d¢,1 2.
More nearly allied to our eastern species than to the European, but still it differs in the two bands on fore wing being nearer together, the inner band crossing the base of the origin of the third median venule. Antenne the same.
Thouch the moths expand equally, yet in both sexes the head is much smaller than in perlata, an unusual distinction, while in perlata and margaritacea the head of the ¢ (no 2 of margaritacea for com- parison) are of the same size. The Nevada species is also a little greener than our species. Red band below antennz, as in perlata.
Until a large number of specimens are compared I shall consider the species distinct, though they would be easily confounded at first.
Length of body ¢, .50, 2, .60 inch; fore wing d, .77, 2, 1 inch.
Sierra Nevada, Cal., (Edwards).
Selidosema juturnaria Guen.
Alaska (J. Behrens); Colorado Terr., (Ridings, Coll. Amer. Ent. Soc.).
Tetracis parallelia n. sp.
Allied in general form to 7’. truxaliata. The two outer subcostal venules much shorter than in that species. A fresh specimen, though smaller (length of fore wing .42), from Mr. Behrens, is ochreous, though paler than in 7’. truraliata, with deep reddish ochreous lines on fore wings. Angle of hind wings well marked, though much less distinct than in 7’. truzaliata.
California (Behrens).
1873.] 39 / [Packard.
Eutrapela falcata n.sp. 1°.
A slighter, though not smaller, moth than L. egrotata,) and with the wings much more angulated, and the apex of the fore wings much more falcate than in EH. transversata, or any other species known tome. Antenne slightly slenderer than in ZL. transversata. Pale ochreous. Head, body and wings, of the same hue. Fore wings with no lines, and with only a few scattered blackish speckles, a conspicuous black discal dot, and three subapical -black spots, one just behind the costal edge. Hind wings with a few scattered specks and a distinct black discal dot. Beneath marked, just as above, the three subapical and discal spots being reproduced. Wings a little more densely speckled with black, and the fore wings a little deeper ochreous.
Length of body .65, fore wing .82 inch. California (Edwards).
This fine species may be at once known by the very acute falcate apex, the want of lines on the wings, and the three subapical large black spots. The front of the head is ochreous, like the rest of the body.
An egg retained on the end of the abdomen is apparently spheri- cal, with numerous high, and very distinct longitudinal ridges.
Drepanodes Panamaria n.sp. 2 ¢.
This species differs structurally in some important characters from the more northern species known to me. The wings are: a little shorter, and the apex much less falcate than usual; the first subcostal interspace is much shorter and smaller than in D. varus and sesqui- linea, and all the venules sent off towards the outer edge of the wing are shorter than usual. The hind tibie are greatly swollen, nearly twice as much so.as in D. sesquilinea, and the spurs are much shorter. Antenne broadly. pectinated, fully as much as usual. Body and wings pale yellow ochreous, and of the’ same shade as above and beneath, including the legs. Fore wings with traces of a narrow basal curved ferruginous line. An outer oblique pale ferruginous line straight in its course (not curved as usual), just below the apex. On the costa, just in front of the angle, is a geminate black spot, and another spot on the apex. Another larger spot between the first and second median venules, and a large round black patch on
1~ regard Cherodes as congeneric with Eutrapela clemataria Hiibner, and nubi- lata Pack.; C. egrotata(Guen.) should therefore fall into Hiibner’s genus Entrapela.
Packard.] | 40 [May 7,
the inner angle. Beyond the outer line the wing is fawn brown, and also the hind wings; the latter are crossed by a single faint narrow ferruginous straight line. Both wings have scattered black speckles. Beneath as above, except that there are no lines, but the brownish margins of both wings are as well marked as above. Minute discal dots above and below, on both pairs of wings. Fore tibie a littie dusky.
Length of body .45, of fore wings .50 inch. Panama (Edwards).
Revonnned, besides its singular structural features, by the edge of both wings being broadly shaded with pale fawn brown.
This Tegcnoe of a Panama species of Drepanodes is appended, as the genus may yet occur in southern California,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.
Fig. 1, bis. Larentia 12-lineata Pack. ‘6 ~6©2. +Eupithecia Nevadata Pack. « 8. Larentia cretaceata Pack. «~~ 4, ~Hyria occidentaria Pack. « 5. Hypsipetes albifasciata Pack. « 6-6. ©6(Cidaria glaucata Pack. ‘7. Melanippe Kodiakata Pack. «8. Larentia cumatilis (Grote). « 9. Phibalapteryx carnata Pack. ‘¢ 10. Melanthia brunneiciliata Pack. s¢ 11. Coremia lignicolorata Pack. «© 12. Scotosia Californiata Pack. « 13. Cidaria leoninata Pack. s¢ 14. Acidalia rubrolinearia Pack. ¢ 15. Acidalia subalbaria Pack. “¢ 16. Acidalia Californiaria Pack. ‘¢ 17. Acidalia 5-linearia Pack. ‘¢ 18. Acidalia rubromarginaria Pack. ‘* 19. Selidosema juturnaria Guen. “© 20. Tephrosia falcataria Pack. ‘© 21. Tephrosia ferruginosaria Pack.
«¢ 22. Eutrapela falcata Pack. Gorytodes trilinearia Pack. Gorytodes uncanaria Guen,
xox nN an nN bo tS B=
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. XVI. Plate |.
PACKARD, PHALAENIDA.
1873.] 41 [Niles.
Dr. T. M. Brewer presented by title the following paper, which will appear in the Society’s Memoirs : — Catalogue of the Birds of Western and North Western Mexico, based on the collections of Grayson, Xantus and Bischoff; with the notes of Grayson and his biographies of several of the spe- cies. By Geo. N. Lawrence.
Prof. W. H. Niles read an extract from a letter from Mr. A. T. Wing, concerning the continuance of the spontaneous fractures and movements of rock, at the quarry of Mr. W. N. Flynt, at Monson, Mass.
An account of the character of some of the phenomena at the quarry had been previously communicated to the Society by Prof. Niles, and was published in the Proceedings, Vol. x1v., pp. 80-87. As there stated, the quarry is on a small hill near the village of Mon- son. The rock is gneiss, dipping westward at an angle of about eighty degrees. Joints running nearly parallel to the general sur- face of the hill divide the rock into beds varying in thickness from one inch and a half to several feet. These beds extend for long dis- tances unbroken by any divisional planes, and on that account are remarkably well adapted to manifest any lateral pressure to which _ they may be subjected. ‘That there is a lateral force exerted pow-
erfully in north and south directions is evident from the facts. When portions of the beds are removed by quarrying the force which was originally distributed throughout the extent of the beds is concentrated upon the remaining parts. When the force becomes, by this concentration, greater than the strength of the rock, as is often the case, the rock is broken, often upheaved, and sometimes with violence and attended by explosions. He had requested Mr. Wing to observe and report such additional phenomena as might occur during his absence last year, and the present letter was in accordance therewith.
“ The spontaneous fractures or breaks have been more frequent and on a larger scale during the past summer and autumn, than for any previous season, which is accounted for, I think, by the fact that the quarries have been worked more extensively. One occurred in the latter part of June, in the new quarry on the west side of the ridge, near where you took a sketch of a break, in the autumn of 1871, and again in the spring of 1872. The break extended about two
Niles.] 42 [May 1,
hundred and seventy-five feet, and was. about seventy feet back from the working face, and parallel to it. About ten thousand tons of rock were moved southward three-fourths of an inch. The break extended perpendicularly through several sheets or layers. The north end of the mass did not break from the pa- rent rock. But few days or evenings passed that a fracture did not occur and usually accompanied by reports. Within a few days, while a north and south split of about one hundred feet in length was being made in the old quarry, the stone suddenly freed itself, and the liberated side moved northward five-eighths of an inch, the south end still remaining fast. This liberated stone came in contact, in its movement, with a projection, causing the crack to deflect to the north-east and thirty feet beyond the wedges, breaking loose one hundred tons of rock in addition to that spkt off by the wedges, showing conclusively the north and south pressure. From the above observations I note the following facts, viz.: —
“In June the mass of ten thousand tons expanded southward down the incline, the north or upper end remaining joined to the main ledge. At the lower end the amount of movement was three-fourths of an inch, but this movement gradually decreased in amount north- ward till it was imperceptible at the upper end.
“In November, a mass of three hundred tons expanded‘ north or up the incline five-eighths of an inch, the south end being fast to the parent rock. The same decrease in the amount of movement was observed as in the break of June.
‘““T notice, furthermore, that the deeper we go in the rock the greater the amount of expansive movement.”
Dr. Brewer announced the donation of nine species of birds from Chas. E. Aiken, Esq., and of the rare Micrathene Whitneyt and Harporhynchus crissalis from Capt. Charles Bendire. The thanks of the Society were voted to both gentlemen for these valuable gifts.
1878.] 43 [Ridgway.
May 21, 1873. The President in the chair. Twenty persons present.
Mr. Wm. T. Brigham, nominated at the previous meeting, was elected to fill the vacancy in the Committee on Ge-
ology. ‘The following papers were read : —
CATALOGUE OF THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE Boston Society oF NAtTuRAL History. ParrIl. FaAt- conipz. By Rospertr RIpGway.
The following list of the species and specimens of Falconide ccn- tained in the Museum of the Society is intended as one of a series of Catalogues which it is the plan of the Society to continue as fast as a careful preparation of the lists, based upon a thorough revision of the specimens, will permit. The series was commenced by a catalogue of the Spheniscide, by Prof. A. Hyatt, published in disci.
Acknowledgements are due from the author to T. T. Bouvé, Esq., the courteous President of the Society, and to Dr. T. M. Brewer, Chairman of the Commitiee on Birds, for invaluable assistance which they rendered him in the preparation of this work, by kindly furnish- ing every facility needed. He is also under many obligations to Mr. J. H. Gurney, Curator of the Norwich Museum, England, and well known as the first authority upon Raptorial birds, for very much information concerning the identification of certain Old World species.
The numbers affixed to the names in this catalogue correspond with those of Gray’s Hand List of Birds,? the nomenclature of which is mainly adopted. The arrangement, however, expresses the pecu- liar views of the present author, so far as they have become fixed, re- garding the classification of the family.
1 Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x1v., 237.
* Hand List of the Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing those contained in the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, Assistant Keeper of the Zoolog- ical Collections. Part 1. Raptores, Fissirostres, Tenuirostres and Dentirostres. London, 1869. i
&
Ridgway.] 44 [May a1,
Family FALCONID A. Subfamily FALCONINZ. (Group Falcones.) Falco (Hierofalco) sacer Forst.
a. var. candicans Gmel. (158.) 1438, ¢ ad. North Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 435. 1440, 2 “ Greenland. F e “ 436. b. var. islandicus Briin. (159.)
1441, 2 ad. . Greenland. Lafr. Coll., No. 437. , 1442, Q « (13 ? 74 6 “& 488, 1443, — juv. CUD HinD ice Eek SSCs aaa
c. var. labradora Aud. 11, 3 ad. Labrador ?
Falco (Hierofalco) lanarius Linn.
a. var. mexicanus Schleg. (179.). 1438, d juv. Mexico. Lafr. Coll., No. 434.
b. var. polyagrus Cassin. (178.)
10, 2 ad. Sonoma Co., California. From Sm. Institution. — djuv. Sherman, Wyoming Ter.; C. N. Holden.
Falco (Hierofaleco) cervicalis Licht. (172.) 1444, gad. Cape of Good Hope. Lafr. Coll., No. 440. é
1445, “ South Africa. ei 1446, rot 14 66 14 ee ce ce 442, 1447, d juv. Cape of Good Hope. “ 66 Sees 1448, ¢ ad. 23 “s ee os he 6 SSP ees
Falco communis Gmel.
a. var. communis Linn. (163.) 1430, ¢ ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 426. ce
1431, 2 “ « c “427, 1432, 3 juv. a “ “ cee 1433, 2 74 ce 6e &6 73 429,
9528,¢ ad. “ & & 8452,
1873.] 45 [Ridgway.
b. var.anatum Bonap. (166 and sub 165.)
5, 2 juv. Vermont. Tracy Sheaf. Boe North America.
430, o ad. ‘ Gi?
ee ae 6 6
1437, ¢ juv. co « Lafr. Coll., No. 433. eg, “c a ? Dr. A. Binney.
ce. var. melanogenys Gould. (167.)
1435, ¢ ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 431. 1436, 2 « 66 66 66 “ 439,
Falco aurantius Gmel. (185.) 1461, 2 ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 457. 1462, 2juv. “ Ce nar Pte 458:
Falco rufigularis Daud. (184.)
1463, dad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 459. Mi 2 Bolivia... “ % “ 460. HAG, oc, ° sein, ute cc VA GIL.
Base. Gs
—— ? “ Tehuantepec. °F. Sumichrast.
Faleo (Hypotriorchis) cuvieri Smith. (183.) 1460, ¢. Cape of Good Hope. Lafr. Coll., No. 456.
Falco (Hypotriorchis) severus Horsf. (182.) 1453, d ad. Manilla. Lafr. Coll., No. 449.
Faleo (Hypotriorchis) lunulatus Leath. (181.)
1454, 2 juv. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 450. 1455, rot 66 66 66 66 66 451. — cc Smithsonian Institution (No. 13860.)
Falco (Hypotriorchis) subbuteo Linn. (180.)
1456, ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 452. 1457, 66 66 66 66 66 453.
1458, juv. « fers een 6 Cra AA,
Ridgway.] 46 [May 21,
Falco (Dissodectes) ardesiacus Vieillot. 1469, 9 ad. Senegal. Lafr. Coll., No. 465.
Falco (Aésalon) lithofalco Gmel.
a. var. lithofalco Gmel. (492.) 1466, ¢ ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 462. 146 i fot 66 66 66 6c (73 4638. 1468, g 66 66 66 6c ce 464. 452, 0 juv. ef J. F. Bumstead: (Labelled F’. subbuteo.)
b. var. columbarius Linn. (193.)
1459, 9 ad. North America? Lafr. Coll., No. 455. (Labelled “F’, subbuteo, young, Europe.”) 1470, ¢ “ Cuba. Lafr. Coll., No. 466. (Very dark.) 1471.9. -Guadeloupe. “Ys AGa- g “ San José, California. Jan., 1871. Wm. Holden. i, 6 “ - Boston: Wr. Ay Binney. 73, ¢juv. Dane Co., Wisconsin. 8S. Kumlein.
ae et a «“ « Sept. 4, 1869. Ok Fe ven “ «“ Sept. 6, 1869. 71, 2 ad. Sonoma Co., California. 2 6c ree ?
Q “ Spanishtown, Jamaica. W. T. March. 72,9 “ Boston. Dr. Binney.
Falco (Rhynchofalco!) femoralis Temm. (194.) 1472, ¢ ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 468.
1473, fof ce 66 66 66 & 46 9, 1474,djuv. “ OCC AON @ ad. South America? J. A. Reynolds. Q juv. 2 « >? A. Vattemare.
1 Rhynchofalco Nobis. Similar to Hypotriorchis, but frontal scutelle of the tarsus and toes large, well-defined, and scarcely interrupted in the region of the digito-tarsal joint. Two outer primaries with inner webs cut. Bill very strong, the cere more elongated than in Hypotriorchis and allied subgenera, its length on
top being about one-third the chord of the culmen. Type, Falco femoralis Tem- minck.
1873.] 47 [Ridgway.
Falco (Tinnunculus) alaudarius Gmel.
a. var. alaudarius Gmel. (203.) 1475, d ad. Kurope. Lafr. Coll., No. 471.
1476, Q 66 66 66 6 66 472. Mags juv. . “ cS Ce ATS 1478, ¢ ad. India. G&A, — 3? “ Europe. Dr. Bumstead. — 9 es Dr. S. Cabot.
b. var. rupicoleformis Wirt. (sub 203.) 9530, ——. South Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 8454.
c. var. japonicus Schleg. (sub. 203.)
1479, ¢d ad. Japan. Lafr. Coll., No. 475. 1480, 9 “ 73 és G3 “ 476.
Falco (Tinnunculus) rupicolus Daud. (204.)
1481, ¢ ad. Cape of Good Hope. Lafr. Coll., No. 477. 1482,¢ “ South Africa. oe Seite CCUM oe 1483, 9 79 66 6c 66 66 479.
Falco (Tinnunculus) rupicoloides Smith. 1484, 9 ad. Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 480.
Falco (Tinnunculus) punctatus Cuv. (206.) 1486, d juv. Madagascar. Lafr. Coll., No. 484.
1489, ? ad. « Esta eg SOAS 1490, ¢ juv. oh . se “486. 1491, 9 « “6 3 66 “& 487, | 1492, 9 6 3 6 3 “& AR88,
Faleo (Tinnunculus) cenchroides Vig. (209.)
1485, d ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 481. 1486, 3 juv. « “8 fey ght AB 2: —- 9 ad. ‘s Smithsonian Institution (No. 13870).
Ridgway.] 48 [May 21,
Falco (Tinnunculus) sparverius Linn. (216 ezel. syn.)
a. var. sparverius Linn.
g ad. Guatemala. Van Patten.
ee WR 6 66
SERS SG “ 66
eee a: 66 &
NS ‘“ 66
— ¢ “ Costa Rica (Carmiol). Smithsonian Institution. 9531, ¢ “ North America. Lafr. Coll., No. 8455. TAOS Ue ef Ke ec (6 495. COE sparve:
roides.”’)
¢ “ North America? ¢ juv. Guatemala. Van Patten.
Peta Se A 6 6
Res Mente ce 6 “c
Se 73 6
EEO mee ‘ 6
ES OF ee & 73
bt ate OMe 73 “c
ae Orne 13 &
SSR OR 6 6
Hee AOE é ‘
es Okc 3 46
1505, 2“ © Mexico. “Wate Colle Nona01 1504, 2 “ North America. Lafr. Coll., No. 500.
— ¢ “ Yreka, California, May 21. (Vuille.) Smithsonian Institution (No. 21328).
? juv. United States. Lafr. Coll., No. 496. — ? “ North America.
b. var. isabellinus Swains. (sub. 216.)
1493, d-ad. “Cuba”? Lafr. Coll., No. 489. 1499.01 9 ‘)Georeta: os se eae
c. var. australis Ridgw.
1496, ¢ ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 492. 1498, fol 66 66 66 66 66 494, 8459, Q & 66 66 66 66 ?
1873.] 49 [Ridgway.
d. var. dominicensis Gmel. (218 excl. syn.)
1502, 3 ad. “North America.” Lafr. Coll., No. 498. (Locality erroneous !)
— ¢ ad. Porto Rico (R. Swift). Smithsonian Institution (No. 364388).
—— ¢ ad. Porto Rico. Bryant Coll., No. 171.
Falco (Tinnunculus) leucophrys Ridew.
1495, ¢ ad. Cuba. Lafr. Coll., No. 491.
1503, S juv. Mens tuiics “CU 499. =“ United States.”)
— ? « co (Remedios; N. H. Bishop.) Smithsonian Institution (No. 34235).
Falco (Tinnunculus) sparverioides Vig. (sub 218.)
1494, ¢ juv. Cuba. Lafr. Coll., No. 490. HOOT 2. Ces onte aes oa 4975 1 CoNortheAmerica.:*) — ¢ & cs (Monte Verde; Wright.) Smithsonian In- stitution (No. 23545). Falco (Tichornis) cenchris Naum. (215.)
1487, ¢ ad. Morea. Lafr. Coll., No. 483.
Falco (EKrythropus) vespertinus Linn. (213.)
1506, ¢ ad. Russia. Lafr. Coll., No. 502. 1507,2 “ Austria “ “ & 503,
Falco (Chicquera) chicquera Daud. (195.)
1449, ¢ ad. Jondia. Lafr. Coll., No. 445. 1450, 5 Java. ae cs 446.
Faleo (Chicquera) ruficollis Swains. (196.)
1451, ¢ ad. Senegal. Lafr. Coll., No. 447. 1452, 2 66 66 66 66 6c 448,
PROCEEDINGS B. S. N. H. — VOL. XVI. 4 DECEMBER, 1873.
Ridgway.) 50 - [May-21,
Ieracidea berigora (Vig.). (199.)
1424,juv. Australia, Lafr. Coll., No. 420. 1495, —— & és 66 “ A991,
Ieracidea occidentalis Gould. (200.)
1426, ¢ ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 422. 1427, Q 66 66 66 66 66 493.
Teracidea noveezealandize (Gmel.) (201.).
1428, ¢ — Auckland. Lafr. Coll., No. 424. ; WSS, = G3 “ 3 & ADS,
Ierax ceerulescens (Linn.). (219.)
1509, ¢ ad. India. Lafr. Coll., No. 504. SO, ee Sumatra. lLafr. Coll., No. 505. Sane gt site 2 Dr. S. Cabot. (“I. maylayensis.”)
Ierax eutolmos Hodgs.? (220.)
1510," ¢ ad. India. Iafr. Coll., No. 506. (‘bengalensis, Briss.”)
Ierax sericeus Kittl. (222.) 1511, ¢ ad. Philippines. Lafr. Coll., No. 507.
(Group Polybori.) Milvago chimango (Vieill.). (80.) 1702, ¢ ad. Chile. Lafr. Coll., No. 697. — — “ « ? Dr. Vattemare. Milvago chimachima (Vieill.). (29.) 1703, ¢ ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 698.
1704, 2 66 66 66 66 66 699. 1705,¢ juv. CO Vast CET OOS ere ee “ ? Dr. U. Cragin. (“Ibycter fasciatus Spix.”)
Phalcobeenas megalopterus (Meyen). (32.) —
1706, $ ad. Bolivia. Lafr. Coll., No. 701. 1707, 2 juv. Chile. ee oy) Nef
1873.] 51 [Ridgway
Polyborus tharus (Mol.).
a. var. tharus Mol. (85.) 1709, 2 ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 704. 1710, 2 juv. * cs o So 105s — f ad. T. Vattemare. ——— “ South America. Smithsonian Institution (No. 13924). b. var. auduboni Cass. (sub 35.) 1708, ¢ ad. “Brazil.” Lafr. Coll., No. 703. (Locality erroneous!) — ¢ “ Cape St. Lucas. Smithsonian Institution (No. 29454).
Ibycter americanus (Bodd.). (25.)
1699, dad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 694. 1700, 2 66 66 66 66 66 695. — so * oo 8 BOW. Cragin. Ibycter (Daptrius) ater Vieill. (27.) 1701, — ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 696.
(Group Micrasturee.) Micrastur semitorquatus (Vieillot). (290.)
tob4 9 ad. Brazil. Wafr. Coll:, No. 549. 1555, 2 66 66 oe 66 66 550.
Micrastur mirandollei (Temm.). (291.) flapd,¢o ag.) brazil, “Jaf. Coll:, No. 548,
Micrastur ruficollis (Vieill.). (292.) (See Appendix.)
1556, ¢ ad. Cordilleras. lLafr. Coll., No. 551. (Labelled “con- centricus Illig.”)
1558, —juv. Brazil. “ “553. (Rufous phase.) 1559, rot iT4 66 66 66 66 554, 66 6 1560, 2 ad. 66 (13 6 &“ 8655S. 66 66 fool. 9 ‘trans. Cire DO Ok c & 1562, 2 juv. 66 66 66 66 557, 66 6 —— —ad. Guatemala. Van Patten. (Gray phase.) ee juv. 66 : 66 66
66
SS — —_—- (Rufous phase.)
Ridgway.] 52
Micrastur concentricus (lllig.). (sub 294.)
1557, ? ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 552.
(Group Herpetotheree.)
Herpetotheres cachinnans (Linn.). (298.)
1317, — ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 315. 1318, — ‘“ Cayenne. “ GE cone oegestiGe — — * — Brazil.
Subfamily BUTEONINA. (Group Pandiones.)
Pandion halisetus (Linn.). ©
a. var. halicetus Linn. (131.) 1303, —— kurope. Lafr. Coll., No. 301. 1304, = 6 ‘ & “ 309,
6. var. carolinensis Gmel. (182.)
1306,— ad. America. Lafr. Coll., No. 304. 1207, —= 66 66 6 %3 “ 3805,
——— a No label.
66
— — ad. Massachusetts?
c. var. leucocephalus Gould. (133.) 1305, Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 303.
Nauclerus forficatus (Linn.). (249.) 1412, — ad. Lafr. Coll., No. 408.
(Group Pernes.)
Pernis apivorus (Linn.). (237.) 1389, —— India. Lafr. Coll., No. 385. 1390, —— 66 6 6c “ 386. 1391, Le ae (73 66 66 &c 387. 1392, —— ce rage dearemen axersy
[May 21
1873.] 53 [Ridgway.
Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temm.). (239.) 1393, —— Lafr. Coll., No. 389.
Baza lophotes (Temm.). (227.) 1394, d ad. India. Lafr. Coll., No. 390. 1395, Q 66 66 66 66 66 391. Cymindis (Aviceda) subcristatus (Gould). (231.) 1396, dad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 392. 1397, 2 66 66 66 66 66 393. Cymindis (Aviceda) verreauxi (Lafr.). (234.) 1399, —— Lafr. Coll., No. 395.
Cymindis cayennensis (Gmel.). (252.)
1404, dad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 400.
1405, 2 “ South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 401. 1406, —juv. é se 202: — — ad. oo Ce SASL 50.
Regerhinus uncinatus (lllig.) (253.)
1407, juv. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 403. (Transition dress.)
1408, 66 66 66 66 66 404. 66 19
HA09) © Bogota. “ “ % ~405. (Buff-collared plumage.)
1410, “ Tropical America. Lafr. Coll. No. 406. (White- collared plumage. Labelled “ Western North Am.”)
12 South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 407. (Melanistic plumage.)
— «* South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 8451. (Rufous- collared plumage.)
(Group Elani.) Elanus leucurus.
a. var. leucurus Vieill. (263.)
1418, — ad. Paraguay. Lafr. Coll., No. 414.
35,— “ Chile. — —— * « Smithsonian Institution (No. 13914). — @juv. Orizaba. és ut (No. 37693).
Ridgway.] 54 [May 21,
b. var. axillaris Lath. (261.) 1417, ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 413.
Elanus melanopterus.
b. var. minor Bonap. (259.) 1413, ad. Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 409.
1414, juv. a se Bora thee 1415, 66 3 6é 66 Coe Anite 1416, eats 66 66 66 “& 412.
Hianus (Gampsonyx) swainsoni (Vig.). (265.)
1419, dS ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 415. 1420, 2 - & 3 “66 AG, — —“ No label.
(Group Ictinie.) Ictinia plumbea (Vieill.). (267.)
1421, ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 417. 1422, 66 (44 6é ce (74 418. 1423, juv. ae es e crt4d 9: ad. “2? J. N. Reynolds.
Harpagus bidentatus (Lath.). (224.)
1572, ¢ ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 508. 1513, 2 juv. Brazil. «6 BOQ.
Harpagus diodon (Temm.). (225.)
1514,— ad. Brazil? Lafr. Coll., No. 510. 1515, 2 -“ | Guiana. cone 1516, —juv. Brazil. se ws hes 3 9533, peer ry {4 66 cé 79 6é 8457.
Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieill.). (251.)
1400,— ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 396. 1402, rol be (13 66 6e 6 398. 1403, —juv. « « & & 399,
1873.] 55
Rostrhamus hamatus (lllig.). (sub 251.) 1400, — ad. Brazil? Lafr. Coll., No. 397.
(Group Circee.)
Circus ceruginosus (Linn.). (356.)
1666, ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 661.
1667, juv. ct <n ce tan a GG2: 1668, 66 6 66 66 “« 663. 1669, 66 6 66 66 & 6664,
Circus ranivorus (Daud.). (357.)
1674, 2? ad. South Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 669.
Circus spilonotus Kaup. (360.)
1676, 2? juv. Asia. Lafr. Coll., No. 671.
Circus maillardi J. Verr. (861.)
1675, ¢ ad. Lafr. Coll., No. 670.
Circus jardinii Gould. (363.)
1681, ¢ juv. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 676.
1682, ¥ ad. 66 6 66 ‘“
Circus cyaneus.
a. var. cyaneus Linn. (364.)
677.
1689, d ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 684.
1690, rot 6 66 66 66 ‘13 1691, 2 6 66 66 6é 19 1692,? “ Algerian “ « & — ¢ “ Kurope. S. Lyman.
6. var. hudsonius Linn. (3865.)
3g ad. No label.
rot 66 66
@ “ #$Wiseonsin. T. Kumlein. g juv. No label.
685. 686. 687.
[Ridgway.
Ridgway.] 56 [May 21,
— @?juv. California. F. Gruber. (4329.) —— dad. New England.
141, ¢ “ No label. —— ¢?juv. New England. Dr. Binney.
c. var. cinereus Vieill. (368.)
1696, d ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No.691. (“C. histrionicus Quoy.”) —_ c & “6? A. Vattemare. — ju. “ ? tt
Circus melanoleucus (Gmel.). (3866.)
1693, dad. India. afr. Coll., No. 688. 1694,¢ “ Ceylon « “« « 689,
Circus maurus (Temm.). (367.) 1695, d ad. Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 690.
Circus cinerarius (Mont.).
1683, d ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 678. be
1684, 2 e oO ES KOMiO.)
1685, 2 juv. ty rs ite GS 0:
1686, — — a “ e681. (Melanisiie.) 1687, Pac hein Lakes 66 66 66 66 682. 66
Circus pallidus Sykes. 1688, ¢ ad. Manilla. Lafr. Coll., No. 683. (“C. swainsoni Smith.”)
Circus mulleri Heuel.
1671, 3 juv. Lafr. Coll., No. 666. GTB. Oa . 0 “ 667. (Melanistic.)
Circus macropterus Vieill. (371.)
1677, ¢ ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 672. 1678, ees 66 66 13 “ 673. 1679, Q 66 66 66 66 66 674. 1680, fe) 14 66 66 66 66 675.
1873.] 5T [Ridgway.
Circus gouldi Bonap. (sub 371.) 1673, juv. Marquesas. Lafr. Coll., No. 668.
Circus poliopterus Tsch. (372.)
1697, ¢ ad. Paraguay. Lafr. Coll., No. 692. (“‘C. histriontcus
Quoy.’’) 1698, 2 ad. Paraguay. Lafr. Coll., No. 693. (“C. histrionicus
Quoy.”) (Group Nis.) Nisus (Astur) palumbarius.
a. var. palumbarius Linn. (268.) 1569, 2 ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 564.
1570, Q 66 66 66 66 66 565. 1571, 3 juv. BG BG 1572, Q 66 66 66 66 66 567.
b. var. atricapillus Wils. (269.)
— —ad. Locality unknown. — ojuv. a i 14,— ad. New England.
66 66
——— ——
— —juv. a5
Nisus (Astur) melanoleucus (Smith). (270.)
1567, 2 ad. Port Natal. Lafr. Coll., No. 562. 1568, ? juv. oe es Gh c «C668.
Nisus (Astur) novehollandiz Gmel. (276.)
1563, gd ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 568. 1565, rot 66 66 66 66 66 560. — — “* oe Smithsonian Institution (No. 13831).
Nisus (Astur) rayi Vig. and Horsf. (277.)
1564, 2 ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 559. 1566, ¢ ad. se $e Goh AEC GUE:
Ridgway.] 58 [May 21,
Nisus fringillarius (Ray). (299.) 1635, ¢ ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 630. ¢
1636, ¢ “ « “ <7) 63il) 1637, 3 (73 6c (74 (¢4 (14 632. 16388, o juv. a “ a “¢ 633. 16389, rot 66 (44 (74 (4 (13 634. 1640, Q 6¢ ce (74 {4 “ 635. — vg * 6 Verreaux. = ode NOM anel — ¢gjuv. i aren 3 (45 (73
2 é¢ (13 = 8 al, ce
? “ Europe. Dr. Bumstead.
Nisus rufiventris Smith. (300.) 1650, ¢ ad. Cape of Good Hope. Lafr. Coll., No. 645. 1651, 2 “ Abyssinia. s $6 Re Gre 1652, Q 6 6é 6 & if 647. Nisus tachiro (Daud.). (801.)
1597, ¢ juv. Abyssinia. Lafr. Coll., No. 592.
1598, 2 74 6 66 (79 ee 593. 1 599, ' 2 (i4 ¢é 45 (74 6c 594, ? 1600, — “ « «“ & —& 459A is.
Nisus toussenelli Verr. (302.)
1605, d ad. Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 600. 1606, ? juv. 3 ee ge & © GOT.
Nisus erythronemius (Gray). (3805.)
1648, ¢ juv. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 643. 1649, ¢ ad. LE MeO “ “644.
Nisus madagascariensis (Verr.). (308.)
1642, ¢ ad. Madagascar. Lafr. Coll., No. 637. 1643, fd juv. c. 3 S| ReneS:
1873.]
Nisus cooperi.
59
a. var. coopert Bonap. (312.)
1644, d ad. North America.
62 eae w
1646, 2 juv. | a
1647,2 “ § ¥ «“
— gad | ac ize ol ac 66
— éju.w *
—— ¢ “ Wisconsin. adic * Massachusetts.
AN : b. var. mexicanus Swains.
Lafr. Coll., No. 639.
(13 66 66 66 66 (7
66 66 6¢
Dr. Binney.
T. Kumlein. K. Samuels.
(313.)
1581, d ad. Mexico. Lafr. Coll., No. 576.
1582, rot 66 66 66
Nisus pileatus.
66 66 adie
a. var. pileatus Max. (815.) 1575, 2 juv. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 570.
1576, Q & 6c 66 1577, 3 ad. a é
Temm.”) 1578, 3 ad.
Temm.”)
1583, ¢ juv. Brazil? Lafr. Coll., No. 578.
b. var. bicolor Vieill. (318.) \ Coll., No. 574. (Labelled “poliogaster
1579, d juv. Cayenne. Lafr. Temm.”)
1580, ¢ juv. Cayenne. Lafr. Temm.”)
Nisus tinus (Lath.). (320.)
Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 563.
66 66 571.
(Ridgway.
‘6 “ 572. (Labelled “poltogaster
(Labelled “poliogaster
(Labelled “Mexico.”)
Coll., No. 580. (Labelled “pologaster
1653, gd ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 648.
Merida. ‘“ Cayenne. “
1654, « 1655, 2 «
6 6é 649.-
66 66 650.
Ridgway.]' 60
Nisus virgatus (Temm.). (322.)
1607, ad. Calcutta. Lafr. Coll., No. 602.
1608," lindas és to ke 6 0B:
1609, — juv. Ue $6 re “ 6604.
1610, — (7 (73 66 66 44 605.
1615, do ad. és “ CO EGO: America.”)
Nisus minullus (Daud.). (323.)
[May 21,
(Labelled “ South
1656, ¢juv. South Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 651.
1657, 2 ad. 66 6 “ “
1658, Q juv. 66 6 3 (i
Nisus torquatus Cuv. (327.)
1622, 2 ad. Timor. Lafr. Coll., No. 617. 1623 og SUN le MMM er sy on ilicr
Nisus cirrhocephalus (Lath.?). (829?)
1624, dad. Australia. lLafr. Coll., No. 619. 1625, ¢ juv. «“ «690, 1626, 2 66 66 66 66 14 521.
Nisus approximans (Vig. & Horsf). (830.) 1616, dad. Australia. lLafr. Coll., No. 611.
IL OIL a & 66 66 66 “& 612. 1618, Q & 6 66 66 “« 613, 1619, 3 juv. « ee Gi G20, 2 & 66 13 66 “ 615. 1621, Q « 66 66 66 “ 616.
Nisus rufitorques (Peale). (331.)
652. 653.
—— cad. Feejee Islands. Smithsonian Institution (No. 13851).
Nisus trinotatus (Bonap.). (337.)
1627, dad. Java. Lafr. Coll., No. 622. 1628, 2 6¢ 66 66 66 ce 623. 1629, ? juv. India. es sf Oe:
1873.] 61 [Ridgway.
Nisus gabar (Daud.). (3842.)
1659, dad. Senegal. Lafr. Coll., No. 654. 1660, 2 “ Abyssinia. 6 Ste IG: 66H: * Senegal. af cs “ 656. 1662, ¢ juv. oe hd SO SEC Oo:
1663, 2 “ Cape of Good Hope. ¢ cy ee 658.
Nisus niger (Vieill.). (343.) 1664, ¢ ad. East Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 659. 1665, 2 66 66 66 66 66 660. Nisus sphenurus Riipp. (244.) 1600, ? ad. Abyssinia. Lafr. Coll., No. 595..
1601, 3 « «“ « &@ «& 596. (A. brachydac- tylus.”’)
1602, ¢ trans. Senegal. Lafr. Coll., No. 597. (“A. brachydactylus.”)
1603, 3 juv. 66 66 66 “& 598, «6 66
1604, rot 6e 66 66 6c 66 599. 66 66
9538, ¢ ad. cf ic Sot a OO ZN yes a
9537, —juv. Abyssinia. “ Sei nO4Gl
Nisus badius (Gmel.). (347.) foil; 3 ad. Calcutta. lLafr. Coll., No. 606.
1612, 2 « India. « &@ & «BOT, 1613,—trans. “ « & & BO8, 1614, —juv. «“ “ & & gO,
Nisus soloénsis (Horsf). (348.)
1630, d ad. Java. Lafr. Coll., No. 625.
1631, Q 66 66 66 66 66 626. 1632, djuv. “ Gee 6) GOT. 1633, 2 66 6 66 66 75 628.
Scelospiza francesii (Smith). (349).
1634, 2 ad. Sumatra. Lafr. Coll., No. 629.
Ridgway.] 62
Melhierax musicus (Daud.). (253.)
1589, d ad. Cape of Good Hope. Lafr. Coll., No. 584. 1590, ¢juv. South Africa. « (| Mes aae
1591, 2 ad. Cape of Good Hope. “ fee
Melhierax polyzonus (Riipp.). (854.)
1592, dad. Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 587. 159352, <7 jeenesal: cs GCs 1594, 2 « &s & és 6 589. 1595, g juv. Africa. x 6 Kee 1596, — 6 ce 66 6 66 591.
9536, —ad. North Africa. “ Babee
(Group Geranospize.)
Polyboroides radiatus (Scop.). (374.)
1711, ¢ ad. - South Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 706. 1712,¢ “ Madagascar. ef aa a) 1713, 2 juv. South Africa. ee Ct Se
Geranospiza gracilis (Temm.). (289.)
1586, ¢ ad. South America. Jafr. Coll., No. 581.
1587, 2 *« 6 66 73 “& 589,
1588, 2 (9 66 1a ae 66 66 583. Geranospiza czrulescens (Vieill.)
1584, gd ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 579. 1555, fot 6¢ 66 6c 66 66 580.
(Group Urubitinge.) Urubitinga zonura (Shaw). (77.) 1543, dad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 538.
1544, ¢ & 3 «6 iT: “539, 1545, — “ 3 és CY: “ 540. 1546, Q « 66 13 6c “BAY,
—— —juv. Guatemala. Van Patten.
[May 21,
1873.] 63 [Ridgway.
Urubitinga anthracina (Nitzsch). (78.)
1548, gd ad. Tropical America. Lafr. Coll., No. 543. (Labelled as from “Africa ”!)
1549, 2 ad. Tropical America. Lafr. Coll., No. 544. (Labelled as from “Africa ”!)
1550, 2 juv. ‘Tropical America. Lafr. Coll., No. 545. (Labelled
as from “Africa” !) 9535, —ad. ‘Tropical America. Lafr. Coll., No. 459. e62,— “ Belize, Honduras. Wood.
Urubitinga (Buteogallus) equinoctialis (Gmel.). (74.)
1345, ad. Cayenne. Lafr. Coll., No. 342. 1346, juv. South America. 3 c cae 1347, 66 66 66 66 66 844,
Urubitinga (Spizigeranus) meridionalis (Lath.). (76.)
1540, ¢ ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 535. 1541, Pra ee tie 66 66 66 66 536. 1542, ¢ juv. Be S Ce lisie UE We
Urubitinga (Antenor!) unicincta (Temm.).
a. var. unicinctus Temm. (55.) 1551, — ad. South Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 546.
‘ 1552, ee CS 6c 6c 66 66 547, Bere Lc ce A. Vattemare. a ee cs J. N. Reynolds.
(Group Buteones.)
Buteo (Leucopternis) melanops (Lath.). (66.) 1377, d ad. Guiana. Lafr. Coll., No. 373.
1Antenor Ridgway. Nov. subgen.
Cu. Intermediate between Buteo and Urubitinga, having the long wings, robust feet and claws of former, and the elongated legs, and bill of the latter. Inner webs of outer five primaries emarginated, as in Buteo, in which, however, never more than four are cut. Lores naked. Type falco unicincta Temm.
The name “Crazirer Gould,” cannot be used for this species, since its type was Buiteo galopagensis Gould, a bird strictly congeneric with B. borealis.
Ridgway.] 64 [May 21,
Buteo (Leucopternis) kuhlii Bonap. (66.) 1378, South America. Latr. Coll., No. 374.
Buteo (Leucopternis) albicollis Cuv. (68.)
1374, 2 ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 370. 9528, CE 66 6é ce 6e 8449,
Buteo (Leucopternis) scotopterus Max. (69.)
1375, — ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 371. 1376, LEGA CG <4 6é &e be Bye
Buteo (Asturina) nitida (Lath.) a. var. nitida Lath. (281.)
1365, d ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 361. (Labelled from “ Mexico.’’)
1368, dad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 364.
1369, — juv. ee bia es on OGD.
1370, — 66 66 (79 ce ce 866.
b. var. plagiata Licht. (282.)
1366, 2 ad. Mexico. Lafr. Coll., No. 362.
1367, ry eee ce (<4 6e 6é 363. —$_—as—- — £ ? Dr. S. Cabot.
— cad. Tehuantepec. F. Sumichrast. — —“ Costa Rica. Smithsonian Institution.
Kaupifaleo monogrammicus (Temm.) (352.)
1358, — ad. Cape of Good Hope. Lafr. Coll., No. 354. 1359, pet eRe 4 4 66 66 ce ce 66 355, 1360, — “ 3 66 23 66 &“ 856.
Poliornis poliogenys (Temm.) (139.)
1351, ad. Japan. Lafr. Coll., No. 348. — “ No label. |
Poliornis liventer (Temm.) (140.) 1354, ad. India. Lafr. Coll., No. 351.
1873.] 65 [Ridgway.
Poliornis teesa (Frankl.). (137.)
1355, ad. Bengal. Lafr. Coll., No. 352. S56. << me fai EG BIN) (0S.
Poliornis rufipennis (Strickl.). (141.) 1357, ad. India? Lafr. Coll., No. 353.
Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris (Gmel.) a. var. magnirostris Gmel. (286.)
1361,— ad. “Brazil.” Lafr. Coll., No. 357. Dr. F. W. Cragin.
(14 (79
sa
—_>= ss
b. var. nattereri Pelz.
1362,— ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 358.
1364, — juv. ef Se ‘ <5) 300: ee 6 Smithsonian Institution. (No. 13848).
c. var. grisecocauda Ridgway. (See Appendix.)
1557, ¢ ad. Rio Seco, Mexico. Jan., 1866. Dr. Bryant. —— ¢djuv. Tehuantepec. Sumichrast.
d. var. ruficauda Scl. & Salv. ad. Costa Rica. Smithsonian Institution. (No. 33509).
e. var. pucherani Verr. (288.)
1363, — ad. “Brazil.” Lafr. Coll., No. 359. 9524, — “ ee ef «8448.
Buteo (Rupornis) leucorrhous (Quoy &G.). (283.)
—— ad. South America. Smithsonian Institution. (No. 13846.) — “ © ce Lafr. Coll., No. 367.
Buteo pennsylvanicus (Wils.). (54.) ad. Locality unknown. Lafr. Coll., No. 349.
Poaceae CE 13 be 3 6 “350, 27, 3 6 271, juv. A ce
PROCEEDINGS B. S. N. H.— VOL. XVI. 5 DECEMBER, 1873.
Ridgway.]
66
—— @juv. Cuba. Smithsonian Institution. (No
ee
Costa Rica. “ id (No
—— ¢ “ Wisconsin, Sept. 9. T. Kumlein.
— ¢
<3
74 ce DAS ce
Buteo lineatus (Gmel.).
a. var. lineatus Gmel. (53.)
1339 .——
f ad. 1341, ¢? ad. 1340, —juv.
66
a
(May 21,
. 23548.) . 83511.)
North America. Lafr. Coll., No. 339. ée 6é ee 6e 838. Savanna, Georgia. “ | i
Locality and donor unknown. 6e ce ce “
Wisconsin. T. Kumlein. Massachusetts. Dr. Binney.
Buteo borealis.
a. var. borealis Gmel. (46, excl. syn.)
Ope
—— ¢ juv.
? ad.
6e
66
1337, 2 ad.
—— ? juv.
—— ¢ ad.
— ¢
ce
Massachusetts. Dr. S. Cabot. ‘f Dr. Clapp. New Hampshire. J. G. Loring. New England. North America. Lafr. Coll., No. 335. No label.
ce
Wisconsin. T. Kumlein.
b. var.calurus Cass. (48 et 49.) 1336.09 ad:
1338, —juv.
Pye tapeae
— o ad.
sang — °
lanistic.)
(73
if
<4
North America. Lafr. Coll., No 334.
66
Sonoma Co., California.
No label. Nevada. Smithsonian Institution. (No. 53221.) «“ “ «“ (No. 53213. Me- ¢
Buteo augur Riipp. (43.) 1325, ad. Abyssinia. Lafr. Coll., No. 324.
1326, “
6 66 6é &e 325.
1873.] 67 [Ridgway.
Buteo jackal (Daud.). (44.)
1327, dad. Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 325. 1328, Q «6 66 66 66 “ 396, 1329,—juv. “ comme 0 327
Buteo ferox (Gmel.). (42.) 1332, juv. Himalaya. Lafr. Coll., No. 330.
1333, — 7 = s Saal. 1334, ees 66 66 66 ce 332. 1335, eines 66 66 6c 66 833.
Buteo brachypterus Pelz. (41.) 1330,— . South Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 328. 33, sHaRe 66 66 66 “« 399,
Buteo vulgaris Bechst. (36.) 1321, ¢ ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 319.
1322, 2 “ 3 “ és “« 390,
1323, juv.- “ ene aye en 301k
1324, — 66 (73 6c 14 66 392.
564,— “ a Dr. 8. Cabot. (Labelled “A. palumbarius, juv.”)
Buteo swainsoni Bonap. (50.)
—— ?juv. Ft. Saunders, Wyoming Ter. Smithsonian Institu- tion. (No. 54324.)
Buteo erythronotus (King). (61.)
1342, 9 ad. Straits of Magellan. Lafr. Coll., No. 340.
1343, —juv. South America. a: Yu: e341. (Bo va- rius Gould.)
1344, ¢ ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 341b¢s. (Labelled “B, pterocles.’’)
Buteo brachyurus Vieill. (284.)
1372, d ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 368. nays, 9 « 66 66 66 “ 369,
Ridgway.] 68 [May 21, Geranoaétus melanoleucus (Vieill.). (152.)
1300, 2 ad. Chile. Lafr. Coll., No. 298.
1301, ¢juv. Brazile Saige 15)
1302, — — ee es sf “300.
1547, ° juv. as Ke ¢ & $42. (Labelled “ Morphnus
urubitinga.’’) — @ad. South America. A. Vattemare. 2 juv. 13 66 66 66
(Group Haliaéii.)
Haliaétus leucocephalus (Linn.). (145.)
— dad. Quincy, Massachusetts. N. B. Furnald.
430, 2 “ Locality unknown. Dr. Binney.
— ¢ “ Bangor, Maine. (Type of Audubon’s figure !)
Haliaétus albicilla (Linn). (144)
1286, ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 284. 1287, juv. se e oh ooo.
Haliaétus leucogaster (Gmel.). (149.)
1291,¢ — Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 289. 1292, 2 — CA Oe, OE eI) 1293, —juv. “ «eee bone 1294, fof 66 (79 (79 (74 (79 992,
Haliaétus vocifer (Daud.). (150.)
1288, dad. Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 286. 1289, 2 6c 66 66 (74 (73 287. 1290, 2 juv. Abyssinia. “ Oe ts 2885
Haliaétus (Polioaétus) icthyaétus (Horsf.).
1308, d ad. Java. Lafr. Coll., No. 306. 1309, 2 66 66 66 66 66 BOs
Heliastur sphenurus (Vieill.). (157.) 1299, 2? juv. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 297.
(184.)
1873.] 69 [Ridgway.
Heliastur leucosternus (Gould). (156.) 1298, — Lafr. Coll., No. 296.
Heliastur indus (Bodd). (155.)
1295, — ad. India. Lafr. Coll., No. 293.
1296, 2 66 (79 66 (75 rf 9 994.
fone nav.“ yh 995.
—— —ad. Malacca. Smithsonian Institution. (No. 13913.) — @¢ * Locality unknown. Jos. Coolidge.
Milvus regalis Roux. (243.) 1379, 2 ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 375. — ? « Dr. Bumstead. Milvus govinda Sykes. (244.) 1380, 29 ad. Japan. Lafr. Coll., No. 376.
Milvus migrans Bodd. (245.) 1385, — Egypt. Lafr. Coll., No. 381.
Milvus affinis Gould. (246.) 1381, ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 377.
1382, juv. < Semen Se 1383, 6c (13 66 66 66 379. 1384, (73 66 66 (1 66 880.
Milvus egyptius (Gmel.). (247.)
1386, — Lafr. Coll., No. 382. Heese VIN ce BRB.
Milvus isurus Gould. (248.) 1388, ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 384.
Ichthyoborus nigricollis (Lath.). (75.)
1348,— ad. South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 345. 1349, Bay GG 66 6 66 (14 (79 846. 1350, —juv. Brazil. is Cs BA Te — + * eT ae J. K. Reynolds.
Ridgway.] 70 [May 21,
(Group Aquile.) Aquila chrysetus.
a. var. chrysetus Linn. (87.) 1266, d ad. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 264. 126 fe ec (79 66 ” 66 ce (<9 96 5.
b. var. canadensis Linn. (sub 87.)
39, g juv. Lexington, Massachusetts. Dr. S. Kneeland. — @ad. No label.
Aquila neevioides Cuv. (89.)
1268, juv. Cape of Good Hope. Lafr. Coll., No. 266. 1269, “ Australia. (3) SS 1270, — i ‘e “ 268.
Aquila neevia (Gmel.). (92.)
1271,— ¥# Asia. Lafr. Coll., No. 269. 1272) = CI es ee) 1273, — a Be meaty fa bs 1274, juv. Asia. ¥: oy Te aa 1275, — Re ae RSs tas Dilicoe 1276,— Australia. “ 23 Rae uae 1277, juv. Bs es $e Ls
Aquila audax (Lath.). (95.)
1278, ad. Australia. Lafr. Coll., No. 276. 1279, juv. «“ i heels Goa 1280, é¢ ce 66 74 be 978.
Aquila vulturina (Daud.). (98.)
1281, ¢ ad. Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 279. (“A. verreauzi.”) 1282,juv. “ yO) 0) «
Aquila bonelli (Temm.). (99.)
1283, ?— Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 281. 1284, juv. « tN 66h iSO R OE
1873.] 71 . [Ridgway. Aquila pennata (Gmel.). (100.) 1526, 2. Java. Lafr. Coll., No. 522.
Spizaétus ornatus (Daud.). (102.) 1522, 2 juv. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 518.
1523, fof 66 6c {5 66 66 519. 1524, 3 ad. “ eee) ee BOO. 9534, 6c 6c 6é 66 66 8458.
Spizaétus tyrannus (Max.). (103.)
fots.c ad. Brazil. Lafr. Coll., No. 514.
1519, 2 « cen 8D CT SRC OE Sp
1520, S juv. South America. “ Sor se OIG: ‘ 1521, 2 66 66 6c 6o (13 Hie
— ¢ & Dr. W. Cragin.
‘Spizaétus occipitalis (Daud.). (106.) 1517, ad. South Africa. Lafr. Coll., No. 513.
Spizaétus cirrhatus (Gmel.). -(111.) 1527, Sjuv. India. Lafr. Coll., No. 523. (“cristatellus Temm.’’)
1528, oes 66 ? 6 66 6 BDA, 66 6 1529, Q juv. 66 66 66 6 55, bs “ 130, o 66 3 6c “ 596, 1531, 0 * 66 6“ %3 “597,
eoles2, (Glack) “ 2? « e eO2e bis.
Spizaétus nipalensis (Hodgs.). (112.) 1525, 2. India. Lafr. Coll., No. 521. (“pulcher Hodgs., Lafr. type.’”’) Spizaétus (Spizastur) melanoleucus (Vieill.). (105.)
1533, — South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 528. 1534, ad. Guiana. we Oe
Morphnus guianensis (Daud.). (143.)
1538, 2 juv. Guiana. Lafr. Coll., No. 533. 1539, a 66 13 6s Go sv — ¢ad. (oer Es Nev Cracin,
Ridgway.] 72 ; [May 21,
Morphnus (Thrasaétus) harpyia (Linn.). (142.) 1535, ¢ ad. South Ameriea. Lafr. Coll., No. 530. 1536, 2 14 & : 66 its 6c 531.
Harpyhaliaétus coronatus (Vieill.). (125.) 1537, — South America. Lafr. Coll., No. 532.
(Group Circaéti.)
Spilornis bacha (Daud.). (126.) 1312,— Java. Lafr. Coll., No. 310. 1313,— « Ge erty eed: 1s Be yeh eae ee Le
Spilornis cheela (Lath.). (127.)
1315, 2 juv. India. Lafr. Coll., No. 313.
Spilornis holospilus (Vig.). (128.) 1316, d ad. Manilla. Lafr. Coll., No. 314.
Circaétus gallicus (Gmel.). (119.) 1310,—-—__ France. Lafr. Coll., No. 308. — fad. Europe. “ Bae
Circaétus thoracicus (Cuv.). (120.) 1311,—-— Abyssinia. Lafr. Coll., No. 309.
Helotarsus ecaudatus (Daud.). (153.) 1285, ¢ ad. Cape of Good Hope. Lafr. Coll., No. 283.
(Group Archibuteones.)
Archibuteo lagopus. a. var.lagopus Gmel. (81.)
1319, ¢ juv. Europe. Lafr. Coll., No. 317. 1320, 2 ad. “ (Seed ae 6. var. sanctijohannis Gmel. (82.)
31,— ad. Locality unknown. W. Sohier. (Melanisiic.) —— —juv. No label.
1878.] | 73 [Ridgway.
APPENDIX.
REVISION OF THE FALCONINE GENERA, MICRASTUR, GERANO- SPIZA AND RUPORNIS, AND THE STRIGINE GENUS, GLAUCIDIUM. Based upon specimens in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, the Phila-
delphia Academy of Natural Sciences, the American Museum, at New York,
the Boston Society of Natural History, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Cambridge, and the Ornithological Cabinet of Mr. Geo. N. Lawrence.
Genus Micrastur Gray.
Brachypterus Lesson, 1837 (nec Kugel, 1794!). Type Falco brachy- pterus Temm.
Micrastur G. R. Gray, 1841. Same type.
Carnifex Less., 1842 (nec Sundevall, 1836!).
Climacocercus Cabanis, 1844.
Climacourus Bonap., 1849.
_ Rhyncomegus Bonap., 1853.
Cu. Form of Nisus, 2%. e., wings short, rounded and concave, tail very long, tarsi and middle toe long and slender, and cere as- cending. A distinct ruff around the face, as in Circus; inner webs of the primaries with their edges soft and woolly, as in the Strigide. Bill much compressed, nearly twice as deep as broad at the base, the culmen abruptly curved; commissure slightly lobed; end of lower mandible with a rounded terminal outline when viewed laterally, but in front divided by an angular notch; gonys strongly convex. Cere rather densely haired, the hairs on top recurved; nostril broadly oval, or nearly circular, against the anterior edge of the cere. Orbital region and superciliary shield perfectly bare, the latter very promi- nent, and exposed for its whole length, as in Falco. Tarsus more than twice as long as the middle toe, scarcely feathered below the knee; its scutelle of a hexagonal form, and arranged in longitudinal series; they are larger in front and behind than laterally, and - sometimes form a continuous frontal and posterior series of rather quadrate plates; top of toes with transverse scutellz to the base; web between base of outer and middle toes well-developed; claws of normal form, well curved, and exceedingly sharp. Wing short, very rounded, and very concave beneath, the primaries much bowed; third to sixth (usually the fifth) quills longest; first very much the shortest; five outer quills with their inner webs cut (rather deeply sinuated). Tail equal to, or longer than, wing, much rounded, or graduated.
Ridgway.] T4 [May 21,
The relationship of this well-characterized, and very remarkable, genus, is nearest to Herpetotheres,1 with which it agrees in osteological structure, besides in essential external features; but it differs from this in some minor points in the external anatomy, and more markedly in the nasal bones, which in the present genus are less completely ossi- fied than in Herpetotheres. It presents analogies with Circus and the Strigide in the facial ruff, with the Strigide in the character of the inner web of the quills, as well asin the dimorphic plumage of some of the species, and with Nisus in its general form and habits.
Eight species are given in Gray’s Hand List (1, p. 31), but of this number only five are tenable. The M. castanilius (No. 295) is a Nisus (see Sclater and Salvin, Exotic Ornithology, pl. 18). MM. ruficollis Vieill. (No. 292), with xanthothorax Temm., as a synonym, M. guerilla Cass. (No. 296) and M. zonothorax Caban. (No. 297) are names for different phases of a single species; while No. 294 should stand as concentricus Vieill., the name gilvicollis Vieill. being a syn- onym of MM. rujicollis.
The following synopses include all the valid species of the genus known at the present time ; the first giving the prime specific char- acters, the second giving the sets of characters which distinguish the species.
The number of tail-bands cannot be relied on as a specific char- acter, since there is a great variation in this respect among different individuals of the same species. Thus, semitorquatus has in some specimens only four bands, and in others as many as seven; rujficollis has four to six; leucauchen has six to seven, and concentricus three to four. The number is greater in the young plumage than in the adult.
A. — Inner toe appreciably shorter than the outer. a. Wing, 9.00 or more. 1. Black above, with a nuchal collar. Tail longer than
the wing, . . . .- . . + « + MM. semiiorquatus. 2. Plumbeous above, without a nuchal coliar. ‘Tail shorter than the wing,. .. ..- . +++ 2 aaa
b. Wing less than 8.00. 3. Throat and adjoining portions ashy in the adult; no nuchal collar,..0 (20... 3, \<. siskype, Rue 4, Throat and cresent behind the jaw, white, sharply de- fined; a nuchal collar of whitish spots, I. leucauchen.
1 Physta Vieill., 1816? Herpetotheres Vieillot, 1818. Cachinna Fleming, 1822. Macagua Lesson, 1881. Type Falco cachinnans Linn.
1873.] 5 [Ridgway.
B. — Inner toe appreciably longer than the outer. 5. Wing less than 8.00. Tail shorter than the wing. Lower tail coverts immaculate white. JZ. concentricus.
SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF MICRASTUR.
A. — Inner toe appreciably shorter than the outer. Tail longer than _ the wing (except in M. mirandollet). a. Wing 9.00 or more; only four outer primaries with inner webs appreciably sinuated (constant ?).
1. M. semirorquatus. Wing, 9.70-11.20; tail, 9.80-13.00. Above plumbeous-black, or blackish brown, inter- rupted by a nuchal collar of white or ochraceous. Adult. Lower parts immaculate white or ochraceous. Young. Lower parts barred, or transversely spotted, with blackish. Hab. Whole of Continental Tropical America.
2. M. MIRANDOLLEI. Wing, 9.00—-9.30; tail, 7.80-9.00. Above uniform slaty plumbeous, without a lighter nuchal collar. Lower parts white, the breast some- times with faint crescentic marks of grayish. Young not seen. Hab. Brazil to Panama.
b. Wing less than 8.00, five outer primaries with inner webs appreciably sinuated.
3. M.RvuFicotus. Wing, 6.30—7.30; tail, 7.00-8.00; tar- sus, 2.20-2.35. Adult without a light nuchal collar; crissum transversely barred. Adult. Above varying from slate-color to reddish sepia; head and neck uni- form grayish, the throat lighter; breast usually more or less rufescent. Beneath white, everywhere with regular, continuous, narrow bars of dusky slate. Young. Above dark sepia; pileum darker, and sep- arated by a nearly concealed whitish nuchal collar. Beneath, including the throat, pale ochraceous, or ochraceous-white, the breast, sides and tibie with narrow transverse bars of dusky brown, varying with the individual in number and distinctness. Hab. Whole of Continental Tropical America.
4. M. LEUCAUCHEN. Wing, 6.20-6.60; tail, 7.20-7.50; tarsus, 2.00—2.10. Adult with a nuchal collar of white spots; crissum transversely barred. Chin, throat,
Ridgway.]
B.— Inner toe appreciably longer than the outer. Tail shorter than the wing. c. Wing less than 8.00; five outer primaries with inner webs | appreciably sinuated. M. concentTRIcus. Wing, 7.10-7.55, tail, 6.30-6.50;
-and anal region immaculate ; other portions trans-
76 [May 21, }
and crescent curving upward behind the auriculars, pure white. Adult. Above umber- or sepia-brown, the top of the head usually darker. Beneath white, some- times tinged with ochraceous, the breast more or less washed with rufous, the whole surface, except the throat and anal region, narrowly barred transversely with blackish, the bars fainter in the reddish of the breast. Joung not seen. Hab. Brazil.
tarsus, 2.25-2.45. Adult. Above uniform plumbeous- ashy, sometimes more bluish anteriorly, and without a lighter nuchal collar. Beneath white, the crissum
versely barred with slate-color. Head plain ashy, the throat paler, and the pileum darker. Young not seen. Hab. Whole of Continental Tropical America. _
1. Micrastur semitorquatus (Vieillot).
Sparvius semitorquatus Vieill., Nouv. Dict. x, 1818, 322.— Jd. Enc. Meéth. 111, 1263.
Micrastur -semitorquatus Scl. and Salyv., Ibis, 1839, 218— Jd. P. Z. S. 1869, 865. — Strickl., Orn. Syn. 1, 1855, 122.— Lawr., Ann. NOS Liycsre, AS:
Sparvius melanoleucus Vieill., N. D. x, 1817, 327. — fd. Ene. Méth., 1267. ‘
Falco brachypterus Temm., Pl. Col. 116 (juv.) et 141 (ad.).
Astur brachypterus Spix., Av. Bras. 1, 9.— Vig., Zool. J., 1, 338.— Steph., Zool. x111, pt. 2, 28. Nisus brachypterus Less., Man. Orn. 1, 98.— Id. Tr. Orn., 62. — Cuy.,
Rég. An., ed. 2, 1, 334.— Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 52+
Accipiter brachypterus Gray, List B., Brit. Mus., 69.
Micrastur brachypterus Gray, Gen. B., ed. 2, p. 6; fol., sp. 1, pl. 10, f. 1.—Id..Hand List, 1, 31, No. 290. — Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. rv,
398.
Herpetotheres brachypterus Kaup, Monog. Fale. in Contr. Orn.
1850, 71.
* 1873.) fr [Ridgway.
Falco leucomelus (Illig.) Licht., Verz. Doubl., p. 62; 1823. Carnifex naso Less., L’Echo du Monde savant, année 9, p. 1081. — Id. Rev. Zool. 1842, 379.
Sp. cH. Wing, 9.70-11.20; tail, 9.80-13.00; culmen, .80-1.00; tarsus, 3.10-3.40; middle toe, 1.60-2.05. 38d—6th quill longest; 1st much the shortest. Above plumbeous, black to blackish brown, in- terruptéd by a more or less conspicuous nuchal collar of white or ochraceous. ‘Tail with 4—7 narrow light bands, usually interrupted, the last terminal, the first concealed. Adult. Lower parts entirely immaculate, varying from pure white to deep ochraceous. Upper parts unvariegated; nuchal collar distinct. Young. Lower parts more or less barred or spotted with blackish; upper parts usually more or less obscurely barred, or spotted transversely, with ochra- ceous, or dull rusty.
Specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 15; Philad. Acad., 7; Boston Soc., 2; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 3. Total, 27.
Hab. Whole of Continental Tropical America from Mazatlan and Vera Cruz to Southern Brazil.
2. Micrastur mirandollei (Schlegel).
Astur mirandollei Schleg., Ned. Tijdschr, 1, 130; — Jd. Mus. Pays- Bas, Astures, p. 27.
Micrastur mirandollei Scl. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1867, 759.— Id. P. Z. S. 1869, 365. — Gray, Hand List, 1, 31, no. 291. — Pelz., Orn. Bras, Iv, 398. :
Micrastur macrorhynchus (Natt.) Pelz., Orn. Novara, 1865, p. 11. — Id. Orn. Bras., p. 7.
Sp.cu. Wing, 9.00-9.30; tail, 7.80-9.00; culmen, .80-.85; tar- sus, 2.80-3.15; middle toe, 1.30-1.45. 5th quill longest; 1st shortest. Adult. Above uniform plumbeous, without a lighter nuchal collar; tail more blackish, narrowly tipped with white, and crossed by three narrow bands of white, transversely mottled with dusky, or pale grayish brown, the first concealed by the coverts. Lower parts, in- cluding the under side of the wing, and sometimes the maxille, con- tinuous white, the shafts of some of the feathers usually black; breast sometimes with faint crescentic transverse spots of pale grayish.
Specimens examined. _Philad. Acad., 2; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 2; Boston Society, 1. Total, 5.
1 All specimens seen from Tehuantepec and Mazatlan are pure white beneath, and those from Gautemala, Costa Rica and Panama deep ochraceous.
Ridgway.] 78 ! [May 21,
Hab. Northern South America, Eastern Peru (Sclater and Salvin); Brazil (Mus. Philad. Acad. and Boston Soc.) ; Rio Negro and Rio Brancho (Scl. and Salv.); Panama (Cab. G. N. Lawrence).
3. Micrastur ruficollis (Vieillot).
Sparvius ruficollis Vieill., N. D., x, 322, 1817 (rufescent phase). — Id. Enc. Méth. m1, 1263.— Pucher., R. Zool. 1850, 91.
Micrastur ruficollis Strickl., Orn. Syn., 1, 1855, 122. — Sel. and Salv. P. Z. S., 1869, 366. — Gray, Hand List, 1, 31, no. 292.
Sparvius gilvicollis Vieill., Nouv. Dict. x, 1817, 323 (grayish phase.) — Id. Enc. Méth. 111, 1264.— Pucher., Rev. Zool. 1850, 91. Micrastur gilvicollis Pelz., Orn. Nov. 1865, 10 (Diagnosis, corrected
synonomy, and remarks). — Jd. Orn. Bras., 399.
Falco xanthothorax Spix., Av. Bras. 1, 1824, 19 (rufescent phase).
— Temm., Pl. Col., 92. ;
Astur sxanthothorax Vig., Zool. J. 1, 338. — Steph., Zool. x11, ise Bi
Nisus xanthothorax Less., Man. Orn. 1, 96. — Jd. Tr. Orn., 58. — Cuv., Rég. An., ed. 2, 334.
Accipiter xanthothorax Gray, List B. Brit. Mus., 69. — Cass., P. A. N. S. 1848, 88.
Micrastur xanthothorax Gray, Gen. B. fol., sp. 2. — Bonap., Consp. I, 80.— Pelz., Orn. Bras., 399.
Herpetotheres xanthothorax Kaup, Monog. Falc. in Contr. Orn. 1850, 71. Pelz... Orn. Nova 16505, 12.
Falco trifasciatus Natterer, Cat. Msc., no. 954. (Pelzeln).
Climacocercus concentricus, juv. Cabanis, Hse Fauna Per., 99 (not Falco concentricus of Illiger!).
Falco concentricus Puch., Rev. Zool. 1850, 91, (not F’. concentricus of Iliger!).
Micrastur guerilla Cass., P. A. N. 8. Philad. 1848, 87 (young plum- age).— Gray, Gen. B., fol., sp. 4. —Jd. Hand List, 1, 31, no. 296. — Bonap., Consp. 1, 30.— Pelz., Orn. Noy. 1850, 12. — Scl. and Salv., P. Z. S. 1869, 367.
Climacocercus zonothorax Cab., Journ fiir Orn. 1865, 406. ~
Micrastur zonothorax Scl. and Salv., P. Z. S. 1869, 253, and 366. — Gray, Hand List, 1, 31, no. 297.
_ Micrastur leucauchen Scl. and Salv., P. Z. S. 1869, 367 poe syn-
onomy).
1873.] 79 [Ridgway.
Sp.cu. Wing, 6.30-7.30; tail, 7.00-8.00; culmen, .50-65; tarsus, 2.20-2.35; middle toe, 1.10-1.25; graduation of tail, 1.50-2.00. (Ex- tremes of 37 specimens.) Adult without any nuchal collar and with the lower tail-coverts barred. Adult. [a. Normal plumage.] Above slate-color, sometimes more or less tinged with sepia, occasionally quite rufescent on the wings. Tail darker, with 4-6 narrow, inter- rupted bars of white. Head and neck, (all round), uniform ashy, darker on the pileum, paler on the throat. Lower parts, and lining of the wing, white, the whole surface about equally barred with dark slate; pectoral region often more or less tinged with rufous. (= gil- vicollis Vieill., and zonothorax Cabanus). [b. Rufescent plumage. | Above sepia-brown, with a rufescent cast, the pileum more grayish; tail darker, with 4-6 narrow bars of whitish; head, neck and breast continuous brownish, the tint rufous on the breast, more grayish on the pileum, and whitish on the throat. Lower parts white, with reg- ular transverse bars of dusky, about equal to the white ones in width ; erissum and lining of the wing similarly barred. (= ruficollis Vieill, and xzanthothorax Spix.) Young. Head, superiorly and laterally, brownish black, the auriculars more brownish; rest of the upper parts dark sepia-brownish, separated from the blackish of the head by a narrow, sometimes nearly concealed, nuchal collar of whitish; longer scapulars and inner secondaries sometimes showing obscure bars of lighter brownish, on either web. ‘Tail as in the adult. Be- neath, pale ochraceous, or ochraceous-white, the throat and anal- region purer white ; breast, sides, and tibize with more or less numer- ous narrow transverse bars of dusky brown, much more distant, sparse, and irregular than in the adult. (= guerilla Cassin.)
Specimens examined. Nat. Mus.,11; Philad. Acad., 9; N. Y. Mus., 1; Boston Soc., 9; Mus. Cambridge, 2; Cab. G. N. L., 5. Total, 37.
Hab. Whole of Continental Tropical America, from eastern Mex- ico (Jalapa) to southeastern Brazil and western Ecuador. The follow- ing localities represented by the specimens examined: — Guatemala, Costa Rica, Jalapa, Mexico, Guyaquil, Panama and Brazil.
There can be no doubt that the rufescent plumage described above, and identified as rujicollis of Vieillot and xanthothorax of Spix, is a phase of the same species as the grayish plumage to which the names gilvicollis Vieillot and zonothorax Cabanis belong, as they are connected by a gradual transition in intermediate specimens contained in a large series. ‘This is the sole instance, to our knowledge, among the Fal- conide of a kind of dimorphism analogous to that seen in some owls,
Ridgway.) 80 _ [May 21,
(as species of Scops and Glaucidium, Syrnium aluco, etc). The amount of the rufous wash varies almost with the individual, so that it is impossible to separate specifically the two styles. In the young plumage (M. guerilla Cassin), the difference in the two phases is not so great as in the adult dress; but those of the rufescent style have a more or less appreciable wash of rusty across the jugulum. One specimen has the upper parts variegated by somewhat concealed transverse spots of whitish.
The M. ruficollis, M. zonothorax, M. guerilla, and, spans also the WM. leucauchen of Sclater and Salvin’s paper in the Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, 1869, (pp. 364-369) belong to this species.
4. Micrastur leucauchen (Temminck).
Falco leucauchen Temm., Pl. Col. 36; 1823.— Pucher., Rev. Zooi. “11852, 91. | Astur leucauchen Less., Man. Orn. 1, 92.— Jd. Tr. Orn., 60.— Cuyv., Reg. An. ed. 2, 332.
Nisus leucauchen Less., Tr. Orn:, 60.
Accipiter leucauchen Gray, List B. Brit. Mus., 68.—Cass., P. A. N. S. 1848, 88.
Micrastur leucauchen Bonap., Consp. 1, 30. — Strickl., Orn. Syn. 1, 123. ;
Sp. cH. Wing, 6.20-6.60; tail, 7.20-7.50 ; culmen, .50-.55 ; tarsus, 2.00-2.10; middle toe, 1.00-1.10. Graduation of the tail, about 2.00. Chin, throat, and crescent extending upward behind the auriculars, along the lower half of the “ruff,” immaculate white, quite abruptly defined. Adult. Above umber-brown, sometimes tinged with sepia, interrupted by a nuchal collar of partly concealed white spots; top of the head usually darker. Tail darker, with 6-7 narrow in- terrupted bands of transverse white spots. Beneath white, some- times tinged with ochraceous, the breast more or less washed with rufous; the whole surface, except the throat and anal region, nar- rowly barred transversely with blackish, the bars fainter in the red- dish of the breast.
Specimens examined. _Philad. Acad., 4.
Hab. Brazil.
The M. leucauchen of Sclater and Salvin (see above) is appar- ently not this species, which is well figured in Temminck’s plate,
1873.] 81 (Ridgway.
above cited, but is to be referred rather to the gray phase of M. ruji- collis.
5. Micrastur concentricus (llliger).
Falco concentricus Ilig. in Mus. Berol.
Nisus concentricus Lesson, Tr. d’Orn.
Climacocercus concentricus Caban., in Erich. Archiv. 1844, 1, 265. — Id. Tschudi, Fauna Per. 18 and 98.—/d. Schomb., Reise Guiana, 11, 735.— Burm., Thiere Bras. 11, 86.
Circaéitus (Herpetotheres) concentricus Kaup, Isis, 1847, 260.— Jd. in Trosch. Arch. 1850, 1, 37.
Micrastur concentricus Gray, Gen. 28, (excl. syn. Vieill.). — Bonap., Consp. 1, 30 (excl. syn. Vieill.).— Jd. Rev. Zool. 1854, 537. — Strickl., Orn. Syn. 1, 123 (in part). — Pelzeln, Orn. Nov. 1865, 1865, 9 (diagnosis, corrected synonomy and remarks). — /d. Orn. Bras., 399.
Falco senex Natterer, in Mus. Vindob. (fide Pelzeln).
Micrastur gilvicollis Scl. and Salv., P. Z. S. 1869, 368 (excl. synon- omy).
Sp. cu. Wing, 7.10—-7.55; tail, 6.30-6.50; culmen, .60; tarsus, 2.25-2.45; middle toe, 1.00-1.08. Adult. Above uniform plumbe- ous-ashy, sometimes more bluish anteriorly. Tail black, with 3-4 very narrow, distant bars of white. Beneath white, the breast, sides, and abdomen barred with slate-color; tibiz with fewer, narrower bars of the same; crissum and anal region immaculate, and lining of the wing barred only along the exterior border. Throat plain pale ashy, or ashy white, this gradually paler than the cheeks, which are lighter ash than the crown.
Specimens examined. Philad. Acad., 5; Boston Society, 1; N. Y. Mus., 1 (Amazon). Total, 7.
Hab. Whole of Continental Tropical America. Brazil, (Mus. Bos- ton Soc.); Amazon, (N. Y. Mus.) ; Mexico, (Bonaparte) ; Bolivia, (D’Orbigny) ; Bahia, Guiana, Rio Negro, and Rio Janeiro, (Pelzeln).
With a general or superficial resemblance to the gray phase of M. ruficollis (‘‘ gilvicollis” and “ zonothorax”’) this very distinct species may be immediately distinguished without comparison, by having the outer toe shorter than the inner, the tail shorter than the wing, and by the unbarred crissum of the adult plumage. Pelzeln is right in considering”it the true M. concentricus.
PROCEEDINGS B. S. N. H.— YOL. XVI. 6 DECEMBER, 1873.
Ridgway.] 82 [May 21, Genus GERANOSPIZA Kaup.
Ischnoceles Strickl., 1844. Type, Falco gracilis Temm. (not Ischno-
_ celis Burm., 1842).
Geranospiza Kaup, 1847. Same type. Geranopus Kaup, 1851. Same type. ;
Cu. Form very slender, the wings and tail very long, the head small, bill weak, and tarsi extremely elongated and slender. Outer toe very much shorter and weaker than the inner, and about equal in length to the posterior, its claw disproportionately small and weak. Tibio-tarsal joint flexible both backward and forward! Secondaries much developed, reaching nearly to the end of the primaries, and very broad. Bill much as in Nisus; nostril obliquely horizontal, oval. Tarsus about two and a half times as long as the middle toe, with frontal and posterior series of broad transverse scutelle, these often fused into continuous plates; claws normal. ‘Tibial feathers short and close, not plume-like. Wing long, but the primaries not much longer than the secondaries, the fourth to the sixth quills long- est, the first shortest, and much bowed; outer six with inner webs sinuated. Tail long, nearly equal to the wing, rounded, the feathers very broad.
This remarkable genus is closely related to Polyboroides of South- ern Africa, with which it agrees in certain characters which separate them from all other Falconide, and mark them as very specialized members of the buteonine group. The excessive abbreviation of the outer toe, as compared with the inner, is shared by Heteropus (type H. malayensis Reinw.) an aquiline form belonging to the East Indian region; but the singular flexibility of the tibio-tarsal joint is probably found in no other genus, unless it may possibly exist in a less exag- erated degree in Melhierax of Africa, or still less developed in Uru- bitinga zonura of Tropical America. Mr. Gurney speaks at length, in his “‘ Descriptive Catalogue of the Raptorial Birds in the Norfolk and Norwich Museum” (London, 1864) of this peculiar feature in Polyboroides, and mentions Geranospiza as being nearly related in general form and other features. Through the courtesy of Professor Agassiz and Mr. Allen, of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, ag Cambridge, I have been permitted to examine an alcoholic specimen of G. cerulescens, and find that the singular feature above referred to is just as well developed in Geranospiza, thus confirming the rela- tionship hinted at by Mr. Gurney.
1878.] 85 [Ridgway.
The following table will show more exactly the relationship aOR. these two remarkable genera : —
Common Characters. Form very slender and elongated, fitted for a terrestrial life. Head small, bill weak, tarsi long and slender, and remiges and rectrices much developed, the secondaries very broad and elongated, but shorter than the longest primaries. Outer toe much shorter and weaker than the inner; tibio-tarsal joint flex- ible in both directions. ‘Tarsus more than twice as long as the mid- dle toe. Tail nearly as long as the wing, rounded. Coloration: — Ashy or blackish, the lower parts usually with white bars; tail black with white bands.
GERANOSPIZA. Whole head normally feathered. Tarsi with a frontal and posterior series, or single row, of broad, regular, trans- verse scutelle. Hab. Tropical America.
PotysororweEs. Whole side of the head naked, including lore, lower jaw, superciliary region and temporal region. ‘Tarsi reticulated, or covered uniformly with small longitudinally hexagonal scales.
Hab. Southern Africa.
SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF GERANOSPIZA.
1. G. G@RAcILis. Crissum whitish, plain, or sparsely barred. Wing, 11.00-15.25; tail, 9.75-12.50; culmen, .75-.80; tarsus, 2.95- 4.30; middle toe, 1.15-1.60. Deep plumbeous above, uniform, except on the wings; lower parts, and sometimes the wing-coverts, barred transversely with white; primaries, plumbeous-black, with an obscure
_ plumbeous spot about the middle portion. Tail, deep ochraceous,
narrowly tipped with white, the terminal half crossed by two distinct bands of black —the last subterminal; the intermedie crossed by about three bands each of black and whitish, of about equal width, the posterior light band having an ashy cast.
Hab. Paraguay and Brazil.
2. G. CHRULESCENS. Crissum plumbeous or black, with or without bars. Wing, 10.00-13.80; tail 8.00-11.00; culmen, .68-.85; tarsus, 2.90-3.60; middle toe, 1.12-1.50. Uniform plumbeous or plumbeous-black, usually without white bars, but occasionally with faint ones on the lining of the wing, tibiz, or other portions of the lower parts. Primaries and tail black, the latter tipped with white, and crossed by about three distinct bands of white, much narrower
Ridgway.] 84 [May 21,
than the black ones. Inner webs of primaries crossed about the
middle, by a single oblique series of large quadrate spots of white.
a. Wing, 10.00-11.00; tail 8.00-8.50; culmen, .68-.80; tarsus, 2.90-3.10; middle toe, 1.12-1.35. Color, bluish plumbeous, without light bars, except on the tibiz and lining of the wing. Hab. ‘Tropical America south of Panama. ois, Ge Hap aah ple Oath aie tau wie ie cabaks var. cerulescens.
b. Wing, 12.00-13.80; tail, 10.00-11.00; culmen, .80-.85; tar- sus, 3.30-3.60; middle toe, 1.40-1.60. Color, plumbeous- black, the lining of the wing, tibize, and crissum—sometimes entire lower parts— obscurely and narrowly barred, with white. Hab. Tropical America north of Panama.
: aie Menai . var. niger. 1. Geranospiza gracilis (Temminck).
Falco gracilis Temm., Pl. Col. 91,1823.
Astur gracilis Vig., Zool. Journ. 1, 338. — Steph., Zool. x11, pt. 2, 26.— Gray, List B. Brit. Mus. 1844, 33. — Lafr., R. Z. 1848, 242.— Kaup, Ueb. Falk. Mus. Senk., 249.
Nisus gracilis Less., Man. Orn. 1, 96; Tr. Orn., 63.
Ischnocelis gracilis Strickl., Ann. N. H. x1, 409; Orn. Syn. 1, 1855, 124.
Geranospiza gracilis Gray, Gen. B. fol., sp., 1; List B. Brit. Mus., 68; Hand List, 1, 31, no. 289 (in part).— Bonap., Consp., 30.
Geranopus gracilis Kaup, Monog. Fale., in Contr. Orn. 1850, 65. — Pelz, Orn. Bras., 398.
Hab. Eastern South America (Paraguay and Brazil). Specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 4; Philad. Acad., 3; N. Y. Mus.,
2; Boston Society, 3. Total, 12.
2. Geranospiza ceerulescens (Vieillot).
a. var. ceerulescens Vieill.
Sparvius cerulescens Vieill., Nouv. Dict. «, 318; 1817. — Id. Ene. Méth. 111, 1262. — Pucher., R. Z. 1850, 90.
Ischnoceles cerulescens Strickl., Orn. Syn. 1, 124.
Falco hemidactylus Temm., Pl. Col. 3, 1820. — Max., Beitr. 111, 97.
Astur hemidactylus Vig., Zool. Journ. 1, 338. —Steph., Zool. x111, pt. 2, 26. — Kaup, Ueb. Falk. Mus. Senk., 249.
Nisus hemidactylus Less.. Man. Orn. 1, 96. —Jd. Tr. Orn., 63. — Cuv., Reg. An. ed. 2, 1, 333.— D’Orb., Voy. Am. Mer., 88.— Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas. Astures, p. 53 (in part).
1873.] 85 [Ridgway.
Ischnoceles hemidactylus Gray, Gen. B. fol. pl. 10, f. 6. — Hartl., Syst. Ind. Azar., p. 2. Geranospiza hemidactylus Bonap., Consp., 30 (sub J. gracilis). Geranopus hemidactylus Pelz., Orn. Bras., 368. Falco weidii brasiliensis Gray, Griff. Cuv., 238. Hab. Tropical America, south of Panama. Brazil (Mus. S. I., Boston Society, Philad. Acad. and Cambridge); Isle of Puna (Strick- land) ; Panama (Cab. G. N. Lawrence). _ List of specimens. Philad. Acad., 3; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 2 (Napo and Panama); Boston Society, 2 (Brazil) ; Mus., Cambridge, 1 (Brazil). Total, 8. 6. var. niger Dubus. Ischnoceles niger Dubus, Bull. Ac. Roy. Brux. 1848; Ese. Orn., pl. 16.— Lafr., R. Z. 1848, 241. — Strickl., Orn. Syn. 1, 125. Geranospiza nigra Gray, Gen. B. fol., sp., 2.— Bonap., Consp., 30. Ischnocelis aterrimus Licht., Nomencl.,Mus. Berol., p. 4, 1854. Nisus hemidactylus Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 53 (in part.). Hab. Tropical Am. north of Panama. Mazatlan (Nat. Mus.) Tehuantepec (Cab. G. N. Lawrence). Specimens examined. Nat. Mus. 4; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 1 (Tehuantepec). Total, 5. Specimens from Panama are exactly intermediate between ceru- lescens from Brazil and niger from Mexico.
Genus BuTro. — Subgenus Rupornis Kaup.
Rupornis Kaup, 1844. Type Falco magnirostris Gmel.
Cu. Similar to the smaller species of Buteo, but differing in hav- ' ing five, instead of only three or four, outer quills with their inner webs cut, and in the young plumage being scarcely different from the adult.
The known species of this subgenus are but two in number, the R. magmrostris and R. leucorrhous —the former with several geo- graphical races usually recognized as species. They have usually been included in the genus Asturina along with the A. nitida. The latter, however, is quite distinct subgenerically, and more nearly re- lated to Leucopternis, another subgenus of Buteo.
SPECIES AND RACES.
1. R.mMaanrrostris. Above umber, or grayish brown, the tail with black bands, and often tinged with rufous; inner webs of sec-
Ridgway.] 86 [May 21,
ondaries and primaries with more or less of rufous. Beneath whit- ish, usually tinged more or less with ochraceous, the anterior parts plain brownish (in adult), or longitudinally striped (in young), the posterior portion (from the breast back) transversely barred. Wing, 8.70-10.80 ; tail, 6.50-8.00; culmen, .70-.80; tarsus, 2.25-2.40; middle toe, 1.20-1.40. Hab. Whole of Tropical America.
2. R. LeEucoRRHOUS. Entirely brownish black, the tail coverts (upper and lower) and lining of the wing white, the latter with an ochraceous tinge; inner webs of primaries barred, or mottled trans- versely, with white. Tail faintly tipped with grayish, and crossed by 2-3 faintly indicated bars of grayish brown, passing into white on the inner webs. Inner side of tibiz chestnut-rufous. Wing, 7.80- 9.20; tail, 6.00-6.50; culmen, .65; tarsus, 2.25-2.35; middle toe, 1.25-1.30. Hab. Northern half of South America.
1. Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris (Gmelin).
Sp.cuH. Wing, 8.70-10.80; tail, 6.50-8.00; culmen, .70-.80; tar- sus, 2.25-2.40; middle toe, 1.20—1.40.
Fourth and fifth, or fifth, quills longest. Tail rounded. Young and adult stages scarcely different. Above, plain grayish, vary- ing from pure ashy to umber, —the head most ashy; secondaries and primaries with more or less of bright rufous on their inner webs, this also conspicuous on the outer webs of the inner prima- ries, and usually narrowly and distantly barred with dusky. Up- per tail coverts white, barred with brown. Tail varying from pure cinereous to deep rufous, and crossed by from three to seven bands of dusky. Beneath white from the breast back, barred trans- versely with brown, usually of a reddish cast. Adult. Anterior lower parts plain brownish (always?). Young. Anterior lower parts striped with dark brown upon a whitish ground. (Tail bands more numerous ?)
SYNOPSIS OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL RACES.
A. — Tail grayish brown, or ashy, without any tinge of rufous.
1. Tail pure light ash, concolor with the back, the 3-4 broad black zones about equal in width to the gray ones; jugulum plain ash; lower parts pure white, broadly barred with reddish ashy. Wing, 8.50-9.50; tail, 6.50-7.00; tarsus, 2.25-2.40; middle toe, 1.20-1.30. Hab. Northern South America. : 1. ... . ». « » « Waka g@gmeromme
1873.] 87 (Ridgway.
2. Tail deep, rather brownish, ash, not decidedly lighter than the back; the 3-4 black bands about equal to the gray ones; jugulum plain brown, or rufous, in the adult, longi- tudinally striped in the young. Lower parts yellowish white, about equally barred with dull light rufous. Wing, 8.50-9.50; tail, 6.50-7.00; culmen, .75; tarsus, 2.20-2.50; middle toe, 1.15-1.20. Hab. Eastern South America.
» var. natterert.
3. Tail ll Waskcdedly eer een ihe bale the 5-7 black bands equal to, or scarcely narrower than, the gray ones ; jugulum always variegated with whitish — transversely spotted in adult, longitudinally striped m young. Lower parts barred broadly with brown (varying from bright rufous to plumbeous-umber). Wing, 8.70-10.00; tail, 6.30-7.50; culmen, .75-.80, tarsus, 2.35-2.50. Hab. Southern and Middle Mexico. . . » . var. griseocauda.
B. — Tail rufous, or much tinged ith aie 4. Black bands of tail nearly equal to, or only a little narrower
than, the deep rufous ones; jugulum never (?) longitudi- nally striped, lower parts broadly barred with rufous. Wing, 8.70-10.00; tail, 6.50-7.50; culmen, .75-.80; tar- sus, 2.35-2.50; middle toe, 1.15-1.30. Hab. Region of Isthmus of Panama on et to pitt eae
: var. ruficauda.
5. Black Bands of al aatagh narrower than the light rufous ones; jugulum always (?) striped longitudinally; lower parts very narrowly barred. Wing, 9.40-10.70; tail, 7.00- 7.75; culmen, .65—.85; tarsus, 2.40-2.60; Stille toe, 1.20- 1.35. Hab. Southern half of South America.
Medea eye Se Sh ter eb Cee 8 eg var. pucherant. a. var. Magnirostris Gmel.
DPepervier a gros bec de Cayenne Buff., Pl. Enl., 464.
Falco magnirostris Gmel., S. N. 1, 282.
Nisus magmrosiris Tschudi, F. P., Aves, p. 104.
Rupornis magnirostris Cab., in Sunomb: Guian. m1, 737.
Asturina magnirostris Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, 261; 1858, 451; 1859, 147; 1860, 288.— Scl. and Salv., P. Z. S. 1866, 198; 1867, 589, 753+ 1869, 131.
Astur macrorhynchus Pelz., Orn. Bras., p. 6; Iv., 463.
Falco insectivorus Spix, Av. Bras., 1, 17, t. 8* (partim).
Ridgway.] 88 {May 21,
Cu. Wing, 8.50-9.50; tail, 6.50-7.00; tarsus, 2.25-2.40; middle toe, 1.20-1.30. Adult. Tail pure light cinereous, concolor with the back, crossed with three broad zones of black (sometimes a fourth in- dicated) about equal in width to the ash. Head, jugulum and whole upper parts, plain pale ash; no white on the lores; rufous on the outer webs of the quills not barred with dusky, or else only indis- tinctly so. Lower parts pure white, more broadly barred with red- dish ashy.
Hab. Northern South America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Cayenne, (Buffon); Brit. Guiana (Schomb.); Rio Negro, Rio Bran- cho and Rio Madeira (Natterer); Venezuela (Gering); Mexiana (Wallace) ; E. Peru (Bartlett and Tschudi) ; Bogota (Mus. S. and G.) ; W. Ecuador (Fraser).
Specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 3; Philad. Acad., 5; Boston Soc., 3; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 2 (Bogota.) Total, 13.
b. var. nattereri Sclater and Salvin. Falco magnirostris Max., Beitr., 111, 102.— Temm., Pl. Col. 86 (jwv. ). — Spix., Av. Bras. 1, 18 (an part). Astur magnirostris Pelz., Orn. Bras., p. 6; Iv, 463. Nisus magnirostris Burm., Syst. Ueb. 11, 76. Asturina nattereri Scl. and Salv., P. Z. S. 1869, 132 and 598; Ex. Orn. X<a,\1'8699) ‘plamxecevan Astur nattereri Reinh., Ved. Med. 1870, 69.
Cu. Wing, 8.50-9.50; tail, 6.50-7.00; tarsus, 2.20-2.50; middle toe, 1.15-1.20; culmen, .75. ‘Tail deep, somewhat brownish, ash, lighter than the back, crossed by three distinct, and one or two ob- scure, bands of black. Upper parts plain brownish slate. Rufous of the quills narrowly, but distinctly, barred with black. Lower parts about equally barred with dull, rather light, rufous and yellowish white. Adult. Breast nearly plain, or unvariegated; varying from dull light rufous to grayish brown. Young. Breast longitudinally striped with brown or rufous, on a whitish ground.
Hab. Brazil and Peru?; S. E. Brazil (Max. et Burm.); Bahia (Wucherer) ; San Paulo and Matogrosso (Natterer) ; Rio de Janeiro and Rio das Velhas (Mus. Comp. Zool.), Peru (Scl. and Salvin).
Specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 6; Philad. Acad., 1; Boston Society, 3; Mus. Cambridge, 4; N. Y. Mus., 2; Cab. G. N. Law- rence, 1. Total, 17.
c. var. griseocauda Rideway. Asturina ruficauda Scl. and Salv., P. Z. S. 1869, 133 (in part). Asturina magnirostris Auct. (All citations from Mexico.) |
1873.] 89 [Ridgway.
Cu. Wing, 8.70-10.00; tail, 6.30-7.50; culmen, .75-80; tarsus, 2.35-2.50. Tail ashy, decidedly lighter than the back, and scarcely, or not at all, tinged with rufous; crossed by 5-7 bands of black, about equal to, or slightly narrower than, the grayish ones. Above, ashy umber, the head more plumbeous; breast plumbeous-umber, more or less variegated with white; other lower parts yellowish white, barred, usually broadly, with brownish, varying in shade from bright rufous to plumbeous-umber; tibia ochraceous, narrowly and faintly barred with rusty. Rufous on the outer webs of: the quills sometimes wanting; when present, barred with dusky. Adult. Breast transversely spotted with whitish. Young. Breast longitudi- nally streaked with whitish. Hab. Mexico, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from Yucatan and Mirador to Mazatlan and Colima (numer- ous specimens in Mus., S. I.); Rio Seco and Tehuantepec (Mus. Bos- ton Soc.).
Specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 10; Philad. Acad.,1; Boston Society, 2; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 1. Total, 14.
d. var. ruficauda Sclater and Salvin.
- Asturina magnirostris Scl., P. Z. S. 1856, 285; 1859, 368; 1864, 178. — Scl. and Salv., Ibis, 1859, 217. — Lawr., Ann. N. Y. Lye. vil, 816 ; vii, 178. — Moore, P. Z. 8. 1859, 52.
Asturina ruficauda Scl. and Salv., P. Z. S. 1869, 133; Ex. Orn. xa WEISS jolle eeu
Cu. Wing, 8.70-10.00; tail, 6.50-7.50; culmen, .75-.80; tarsus, 2.385-2.50; middle toe, 1.15-130. Tail deep rufous, but usually more
or less mixed with ash of a similar tint to the back; crossed by 4-5
bands of black, a little, sometimes considerably, narrower than the
rufous. Upper parts, and head, uniform ash (a shade darker than in magnirostris); rufous on the outer webs of the quills barred with dusky. Beneath yellowish white, broadly barred with rufous; tibiz ochraceous, narrowly, and more faintly, barred. Jugulum always (?) uniform ashy. Hab. Panama to Guatemala. Specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 16; Philad. Acad., 1; Mus. Boston Soe., 1; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 2. Total, 20.
e. Var. pucherani Verreaux.
Eisparvero indayé Azara, Apunt, I. 131, No. 30.
Astur magnirostris Hartl., Ind. Azara, p. 2.— D’Orb., Voy. Ois., p. 91.
Nisus magnirosiris Burm., P. Z. S. 1868, 623.
Ridgway.] 90 [May 21,
Asturina pucherani J. et E. Verreaux, R. Z. 1855, 350. — Sel. and Salv., BP. ZS.) S869" tas: Falco gularis Licht., in Mus. Berol. Rupornis gularis Licht., Nomencl., 3. Asturina gularis Schleg., Mus. de Pays-Bas, Asturine, p. 4, 1862. Cu. Wing, 9.40-10.70; tail, 7.00-7.75; culmen, .65-.85; tarsus, 2.40-2.60; middle toe, 1.20-1.35. Ground color of the tail more or less — frequently entirely — light rufous, much lighter than, and very dif- ferent in color from, the back; crossed with 3-4— sometimes appar- ently 5 — narrow bands of black, much narrower than the rufous or erayish. Rufous of the quills narrowly barred with black. Jugulum always (?) striped with brown. Lower parts ochraceous-white, more reddish on the tibie, narrowly barred transversely with rufous, of variable shade. Upper parts dusky grayish brown. Lores whitish. Adult. Head uniform blackish brown, streaked with white on the throat. Young. Whole head striped; tail more grayish. Hab. Paraguay, Buenos Ayres and Brazil (Mus. S. I.); Bolivia, (Bridges); Prov. Yungas (D’Orb.). Specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 7; Philad. Acad., 6; Boston Soc. 2) otal, 15:
2. Buteo (Rupornis) leucorrhous (Quoy et Gaimard). Falco leucorrhous Quoy et Gaim., Voy. Uranie, Zool., p. 91, t. X111. Nisus leucorrhous Tschudi, F. P. Aves, pp. 18, 103.
Asturina leucorrhous Bonap., Consp., p. 80.— Kaup, Isis, 1847, p. 199. — Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturine, p. 5. — Scl. and Salv., P. ZS. 1869; 134.
Astur leucorrhous Pelz., Orn. Bras., p. 7.
Sp. cH. Wing, 7.80-9.20; tail, 6.00-6.50; culmen, .65 ; tarsus, 2.25-2.35; middle toe, 1.25-1.30. Fourth to fifth quill longest; first shortest, or intermediate between ninth and tenth. Adult. Uniform brownish black; base of tail, upper and lower tail coverts, and lining of the wing, white, the latter with an ochraceous tinge; inner side of tibie chestnut-rufous; inner webs of primaries broadly barred with white — sometimes nearly plain black. Tail faintly tipped with grayish, and crossed by 2-3 faintly indicated bars of grayish brown, these white on inner web.
Hab. Northern South America; Brazil, vicinity of Rio, (Mus. Vindob. and S. and G.); Venezuela, (Dyson in Brit. Mus., and Le- vrandin Mus., Paris); Bogota, N. G., (Mus. S. G.); Peru, (Mus.
1873.] 91 [Ridgway.
Berol. (Localities quoted from Sclater and Salvin, P. Z. S. 1868; p: 134).
List of specimens. Nat. Mus., 3 ; Philad. Acad., 3; Boston Soc., 2. Total, 8.
Genus GLAuUcIDIUM Boie.
Glaucidium Boie, Isis, 1826, 970. (Type Striz nana Temm.)
Microptynz Kaup, 1851. (Type Strix passerina Linn.)
Microglauzx Kaup, 1849. (Type Strix havanense Kaup = G. siju [D’Orb.] Cab.)
? Tenioptynz Kaup, 1849. (Type Noctua brodic: Burt.)
Cu. Size very small; head rather small; bill and feet very strong and robust; no ear-tufts; tail long, about three-fourths as long as the wing, rounded. Nostrils circular, opening in the middle of the inflated ceral membrane (except in G. siju). Tarsus about equal to the middle toe, densely feathered; toes haired. Four outer quills with their inner webs emarginated; 3d to 4th longest. Ear-conch very small, simple, rounded. Bill yellowish (except in G. phale- noides?); iris yellow.
Beside the species given in the following synopsis, two others are © recognized in Gray’s Hand List (Nos. 430 and 432). The G. pha- leenoides Vieill, seems to be a distinct species, and unlike any other, is said to have a black bill!! Its relations seem to be with G. infus- catum and G. pumilum. It has the crown longitudinally streaked, _ and the lower parts striped with blackish. The G. ocellatum Homb. and J., said to be from Chile, I have not seen.
SYNOPSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES AND RACES.
Common characters. Above brown, varying from nearly gray to bright ferrugineous, interrupted by a more or less distinct nuchal collar of whitish or reddish, with an adjacent blackish spot, more or less ob- servable. Tail with narrow bands. Beneath white, nearly immacu- late medially, but laterally variegated with numerous markings, of various direction and color. Throat and jugulum white, with a dusky collar between. Pileum ‘speckled or streaked with lighter. Wings more or less spotted.
A. — Nostril opening in the middle of the inflated cere. a. Markings on the crown circular, or dot-like. 1, G.PASSERINUM. Tail grayish-brown, or dusky-brown, with 6-8 narrow white bands. Sides of the breast
Ridgway.] 92 [May 21 parts varying from speckled with lighter. Upper brownish gray to chocolate-brown; ground-color of the lower parts pure white.
Tail, and stripes on sides, not darker than the back; tail-bands 6,and continuous; toes rather thickly feathered, wing, 3.90; tail, 2.20; cul- men, .55; tarsus,.50. Hab. Northern por- tion of the Palearctic Realm.
. var. passerinum.,
Tail, an vaernneatt on the side, much darker than the back; tail bands 7 (¢) — 8 (2), not con- tinuous; toes only scantily haired; wing, 3.50-4.00; tail, 2.50-2.80; culmen, .43-48; tarsus, .60; middle toe, .55. Hab. Western | Province of Neartic Realm (Pacific coast and Arizona; Mus. S. I.; Colorado; Aiken; Mexico—table-lands? Coll. G. N. Lawrence).
var. californicum.
2. G. PUMILUM. “Tail dusicg iain or brownish black, with 4—5 white or whitish bands, these composed of spots, _ most distinct on the inner webs. Sides of the breast not speckled with lighter. Above, chocolate-brown, the head more grayish. Stripes on the sides more rufescent. Wing, 3.30-3.70; tail, 2.10-2.15; ecul- men, .40; tarsus, .50; middle toe, .60. Hab. Trop- ical America, from Brazil to Guatemala.
3. G. LANSBERGU. ‘Tail dark brown, with 7-8 continu- ous bands of bright rufous. Sides of the breast with or without lighter spots. Above bright ferrugin- eous, with transverse bars of lighter ; beneath, light rufous, the stripes on the sides deeper rufous. Wing, | 4.10-4.20; tail, 2.80-2.90; culmen, .45; tarsus, .70; middle toe, .70. Hab. Brazil. |
4. G.garpini. Tail deep black, with seven transverse series of elliptical spots of pure white. Sides of the breast with transverse spots of whitish ; sides almost continuous umber-brown, variegated with irregular longitudinal spots posteriorly. Above, very dark sepia-_ brown, variegated on the wings and scapulars with — transverse spots or bars of whitish. Wing, 3.90-
1873.] 93 [Ridgway.
4,20; tail, 2.70; culmen, .45; tarsus, .75; middle toe, .70. Hab. New Granada to Guiana. b. Markings on the crown in form of longitudinal streaks, or lines.
5. G. FERRUGINEUM. Tail dark brown, crossed by 7-9 continuous bands of bright rufous, about the same width as the brown ones. Above, varying from gray- ish brown to bright ferrugineous, without lighter trans- verse bars on the dorsal region; beneath, varying from pure white to pale rufous, the stripes on the sides grayish brown, or rufous. Sides of the breast never speckled with lighter. Wing, 3.70-4.15; tail, 2.20- 2.90; culmen, .45-.50; tarsus, .70-.80; middle toe, .70-.75. Hab. Tropical America, from southern bor- der of U. 8., (Arizona, Bendire; and probably Texas) to southern Brazil. Both coasts of Middle Amer- ica, but apparently only the Atlantic slope of South America.
6. G.inFusScATUM. ‘Tail dark brown, crossed by 6-7 non-continuous bands of white, narrower than the dark ones. Above, varying from grayish brown to reddish umber and sepia (apparently never rufous). Beneath white, the stripes on the sides grayish brown, or dark brown. Sides of the breast not speckled.
Above, dark sepia, or blackish brown. ‘Tail brownish black, or deep black. Wing, 3.70- 3.90; tail, 2.50-2.90; culmen, .45; tarsus .65— .80; middle toe, .65-.70. Hab. Eastern South America (Paraguay to New Granada).
EST Ns) Abe, vein ene ae » var. infuscatum.
Above, grayish, or reddish, umber. ‘Tail clear dark brown, or grayish umber. Wing, 3.60- 3.90; tail, 2.35-2.75; culmen, .45-.50; tarsus, .65-.80; middle toe, .60-.70. Ha. Whole of Middle America, from the Rio Grande (per- haps in Texas) to Panama. . . var. gnoma.
7. G. NANuUM. ‘Tail brown, crossed by 8-12 continuous bands of reddish white, or rufous, not more than half as wide as the brown ones. Brown of the sides much broken anteriorly by white spotting, and forming
Ridgway.] 94 [May 21,
longitudinial stripes only on the flanks. Above, gray- ish brown, varying to rufous-brown (the back always more ashy) the wings with white spotting. Wing 4.00-4-60; tail, 3.00-3.25; culmen, .50; tarsus, .70; middle toe, .70. Hab. Chile. (Straits of Magellan and Peru, Kaup.)
B. Nostril opening in the anterior cues of the inflated cere (Micro-
glauz Kaup).
8. G. sisu. Crown with diamond-shaped, rather longi- tudinal, dots of lighter. Nuchal collar rufous, in abrupt contrast. ‘Tail dark brown, crossed by 6-7 continuous narrow bands of reddish white, less than half as wide as the brown. Markings on the sides in form of transverse spots, but arranged in lon- gitudinal series. Above, grayish umber, with trans- verse, partly concezled, spots of ochraceous or white. Wing, 3.50-4.00; tail, 2.30-2.60; culmen, .40-.50; tarsus, .62—-70; middle toe, .62-.75. Hab. Cuba.
1. Glaucidium passerinum var. californicum.! Glaucidium californicum Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1857,
p: 4-
Glaucidium passerinum var. californicum Ridgway, Coues, Key, 1872, 206.
Striz passerinoides (not of Temminck!) Aud., Orn. Biog. v, 271, 1831.
Glaucidium infuscatum (not of rene !) Cass., Birds of Cal. and Tex., p. 189, 1854. Newb., P. R. R. Rept. vi, iv, 77, 1857. Glaucidium gnoma (not of Wagler!), Cass., Birds N. Am. 1858, 62.
Heerm., P. R. R. Rept. vir, 31, 1857.— Coop. and Suck., P.
1Glaucidium passerinum var. passerinum Linnzus. Strix passerina Linn., 8. N. 1, 1766, 133. Glaucidium passerinum Boie, Isis, 1826, 976. — Sharpe and Dresser, B. Europe, II, April, 1871. Surnia passerinum Keys and Blas., Wurb. Eur. 1840, 32. Microptynz passerinum Kaup, Contr. Orn. 1852, 107. Noctua passerinum Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas. Striges, p. 41, 1862. Strix pusilla Daud., Tr. Orn. 11, 1800, 205. Strix pygmea Bechst., Nat. Deutschl. Iv, 978, t. XXIV, 1805. Striz acadica Temm., Man. d’Orn. I, 1820, 96 (not Strix Acadica of Gmelin!) List of specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 1; Philad. Acad., 3: N. Y. Mus., 1. Total, 5.
1873.] | 95 [Ridgway.
R. R. Rept. xm, it, 158, 1860. — Coues, Prod. Orn. Ariz., p- 14, 1866.— Cab., Journ. 1862, 336.— Lord., Int. Obs. 1865, 409; (Habits). — Gray, Hand List, 1, 42, 1869.— Cab., Ueb. Berl. Mus. 1869, 207. Hab. Western Region of N. Am., from Oregon southward; Ari- zona (F. Whipple, Coues); Colorado (El Paso Co., Aiken); Table lands of Mexico. (Coll. G. N. Lawrence.)
Description.
Sp. CH. Adult male (12054, Puget’s Sound, Washington Ter.; Dr. C. B. Kennerly). Above, including the auriculars, umber-brown, with a faint reddish cast, this tinge most apparent in a sharply defined band across the throat; the continuity of the brown above is inter- rupted by a scarcely observable collar round the nape, of concealed whitish, which can only be detected laterally, where there is also an inconspicuous black space. Whole head above and neck behind, with numerous small circular spots of reddish white; back scapulars and wings, more sparsely and more minutely marked with the same, the two or three lower feathers of the secondary-coverts, with each a ter- minal, somewhat oval, larger spot of pure white. Secondaries crossed (exposed) bands of pure white, and narrowly tipped with the same, the bands formed by semi-circular spots on the outer webs. Pri- maries almost plain, but showing faintly defined obsolete bands, the 3d, 4th, and 5th, with two or three conspicuous white spots on outer webs, beyond their emargination; primary-coverts perfectly plain. Tail considerably darker than the wings, crossed with seven narrow bands of pure white, the last of which is terminal and not well defined; these bands are formed by transverse spots not touching the shaft on either web. Lores, sides of the forehead, sides of the throat (beneath the cheeks and ear-coverts) and lower parts in general, pure white, the ante-orbital white continuing back over the eye to its middle, but not beyond it. Lateral portion of the neck and breast (confluent with the gular belt), and sides, umber, like the back, but more numerously, though less distinctly speckled — the spots rather larger and more longitudinal on the sides. _ Breast, ab- domen, anal region and lower tail-coverts with narrow longitudinal stripes of nearly pure black. Jugulum immaculate. Tarsi mottled on the outside with brown. Lining of the wing white, with a trans- verse patch of blackish across the ends of the under primary-coverts,
Ridgway. ] 96 [May 21,
formed by a terminal deltoid spot on each feather; a blackish stripe, formed of blended streaks (parallel with the edge of the wing) running from the bend, to the primary-coverts. Under surface of primaries dusky, with transverse spots of white anterior to the emar- gination, these white spots being eight in number on the longest quill; axillars plain white. Wing, 3.60; tail, 2.60; culmen, .45; tar- sus, .60; middle toe, .55. Wing-formula 4, 3, 5-2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1.
Adult female (36874, Ft. Whipple, near Prescott, Arizona, Oct. 11, 1864; Dr. Coues). In general appearance scarcely different from the male. Upper surface more ashy, the specks of whitish less nu- merous, being confined chiefly to the head; those on the scapulars however, are large, though very sparse; the middle wing-coverts have each a conspicuous roundish white spot near the end of the lower web; secondary-coverts similarly marked, forming a band across the wing. The primaries and tail are as in the male, ex- cept that the latter has eight instead of seven white bands. ‘The brown of the gular band extends upward over the throat to the re- curved feathers of the chin; the white dots in the brown of the side are considerably larger, and though very irregular, are more cir- cular than in the male; the stripes on the abdomen, etc., are rather broader, and less deeply black, than in the male. Wing, 4.00; tail, 2.80; culmen, .48. Wing formula as in male.
One specimen in the S. I. collection (No. 59069) differs from those described in being much darker colored. The original label is lost, but this specimen is probably from the northwest coast, as the darker, more reddish colors, bear about the same relation to the paler gray suits of the southern birds, that the dark northwest coast style of Scops asio (S. “kennicottii”’), does to the true asio. ‘The stripes be- neath are nearly pure black, the general tint above being a reddish sepia-brown. Wing, 3.65; tail, 2.70.
The Glaucidium californicum requires comparison only with the G. passerinum of Europe, to which it is quite closely related, though from which it is easily distinguished by the characters pointed out in the diagnoses. It is not at all like gnoma, nor indeed any other Ameri- can species, with which it has been confounded by nearly all ornith- ologists —even by Cabanis, in his excellent paper above cited.
I have seen only one Mexican specimen of this species. This one is one in Mr. Lawrence’s collection; the locality is not indicated on the label, but it is probably from the higher regions of the interior.
1873.] 07 [Ridgway.
It differs in no respect, except in size, from N. American examples; it measures, wing, 3.40; tail, 2.60.
Specimens examined. Nat. Mus., 7; Philad. Acad., 2; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 2; Coll. R. Ridgeway, 1. ‘Total, 12.
2. Glaucidium pumilum.
“ Strix pumila Illig.” Temm., Pl. Col., 344, 1821.
Athene pumila Gray, Gen. B. 35, No. 14, 1840.
Glaucidium pumilum Kaup, Monog. Strig. in Cont. Orn. 1852, 108. — Id. Trans. Zool. Soc. 1862, 202. — Gray, Hand List, 1, 1869, 42, No. 429.— Burm., Thier. Bras. m, 144, 146. — Ca- ban., Ueb. Berl. Mus. 1869, 208.
Strix minutissima Max., Reis. Bras. 1820. — Jd. Beitrag, 111, 242.
Surnia minutissima Bonap., Os. Cuv. Reg. An., 57.— Jd. Isis, 1832, 1035.
Athene minutissima Bonap., Consp. Av., 38.
? Siriz ferox Vieill., Nouv. Dict. vir, 22, 1817. —Zd. Ene. Méth. ‘“W1, 1289, 1823.
Noctua feroz D’Orb., Synop. Av. Mage. Zool. 1838.
Athene ferox Bridg., P. Z.S. Pt. 1, 109.— 7d. Ann. N. H. xu, 500.
Hab. Northwestern and eastern South America (New Granada,
Equador and Brazil); Guatemala (Coll. of G. N. Lawrence).
Description.
Sp. cd. Adulimale (‘‘South America”; Collection of Philadelphia Academy). Above, deep chocolate-brown; head and neck above with minute circular specks of pale yellowish ; nape with an interrupted collar of whitish. Secondary coverts with a few ochraceous spots on margins of outer webs, and secondaries with about three obscure bands of the same; inner webs of tertials with conspicuous indenta- tions of ochraceous. The fourth and fifth primaries with one or two very small spots of pale rufous beyond their sinuation. Tail brownish black, crossed with four series of rounded white spots (these not touching the shafts of the feathers), the last terminal. Ground color of lower parts pure white; cular collar, whole sides of breast (continuously) and broad longitudinal stripes on sides and flanks, bright rufous, or rufescent chocolate; tibiae and upper portion of tarsi inclining to the same. Wing, 3.90; tail, 2.15; tarsus, .50; mid- dle toe, .60.
PROCEEDINGS B. S. N. H.— VOL. XVI. 7 DECEMBER, 1873.
Ridgway.] | 98 [May 21,
Another example (236, Phil. Acad. Coll.) differs only in clearer brown of the head, narrower rufous stripes below, and paler legs. A specimen in Mr. Lawrence’s collection, from Guatemala, is partly in the immature plumage; in this the head above and nape are gray tinged with chocolate, and without spots; the rest of the plumage, however, is adult, and is much as described above, except that the stripes beneath are less rufescent,— only a little more so than the back. The size is also a little smaller, measuring, wing, 2.30; tail, 2.10.
A young specimen from Guatemala, in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History, is in all respects exactly like the preced- ing, except that it shows indication of narrow longitudinal streaks on the sides of the crown.
There can be no doubt that this is the species of Temminck, as his figure, above cited, agrees unmistakably with the specimens be- fore me.
Specimens examined. Museum Boston Society, 4; Philad. Acad., 2; N. Y. Mus., 3; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 1; Coll. BR. Rideway, 1. Total, 11. ‘
8. Glaucidium langsbergii. “Glaucidium langsbergu T. B. Wilson.” (Manuscript name on speci- mens in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy.) Hab. Amazon and Orinoco region of South America.
Description.
Sp. cH. Adult male (“ Brazil”; Coll. Philad. Acad.). Prevail- ing color, deep dark ferrugineous, more dusky on the primaries and tail; beneath, including the lining of the wing, lighter, or ochraceous- rufous. Sides of the nape with a conspicuous transverse spot of black. Whole upper surface, with conspicuous transverse spots, or bars, of lighter, brighter rufous, the head above and nape with small rounded spots of the same. ‘Tail with seven deep rufous continuous bands, these about equal in width to the dusky ones. Maxille, chin and pectoral spot (only) pure white; gular collar and whole side of the breast dark ferrugineous, and sides with a nearly continuous wash of the same, changing toward the abdomen and on the flanks into indistinct longitudinal stripes, considerably darker than the ground- color. Wing, 4.20; tail, 2.80; tarsus, .70; middle toe, .70.
Adult female (249, Caracas, Venezuela; Coll. Philad. Acad.).
1873.] 99 [Ridgway.
Head anteriorly nearly white; lateral lower parts more spotted; cer- vical black patch more conspicuous. Wing, 4.10; tail, 2.90.
A specimen in the collection of Mr. Lawrence is almost perfectly similar to those described, except that the spots on the crown are more distinct, and there are eight rufous bands on the tail, including the extreme basal and the terminal ones. Its habitat is queried as Brazil, which is probably correct. It measures, wing, 4.10; tail, 2.60; culmen, .45.
This species is perfectly distinct from any other described in this work. For its name we are indebted to the manuscript label by Dr. Wilson, who quotes “ Leyd. Mus.” The identification by this gen- tleman being generally entirely trustworthy, we feel safe in retaining the name above given.
Specimens examined. Philad. Acad., 2; Cab. G. N. Lawrence, 1. Total, 3.
4, Glaucidium jardinii ? ? Phalenopsis jardinii Bonap., Comp. Rend. xu1, 1853 (2). Glaucidium jardinii Caban., Ueb. Berl. Mus. 1869, 208.
Hab. .Northern South America; New Granada (Bogota Nat. Mus.); Guiana (Cab. G. N. Lawrence).
Description.
Sp. cH. Adult male (24887, Bogota; L. de Geoffroy). Whole upper parts, gular collar, sides of the jugulum, and lateral lower parts, very dark, rich sepia-brown; the head above, and’ nape, rather less reddish. Cheeks, pectoral space, and abdomen, medially, pure white. Head above and laterally, and neck, with numerous cir- cular dots of white; sides of the breast, scapulars and wings, with transverse bars of rusty white; secondaries with five bands of pale fulvous, these not touching the shaft; primaries with five or six spots of dull fulvous—those beyond the sinuation of the quills almost white. Tail deep black, with six or seven (seven on the inner and six on the outer webs — two concealed) bands of pure white, formed by transverse elliptical spots which do not touch the shaft. Sides almost uniformly dark sepia-brown, with irregular, nearly concealed, spots of paler; lower tail-coverts with medial large spots of blackish brown; legs thickly barred with the same. Nuchal collar conspicu- ous, pure white and deep black, the latter nearly continuous. Wing, 3.90; tail, 2.80; tarsus, .75; middle toe, 70.
Ridgway.] 100 [May 21,
Adult female (24888, Bogota; L. de Geoffroy). Similar, but not quite so dark, there being considerable contrast between the sepia- brown of the general upper surface and the black cervical collar. Tail with six bands, similar to those of the male. Wing, 4.20; tail, 2.70; tarsus, .75; middle toe, .70. Wing formula, 5, 4, 3 == 6—7-8- 2; 1st shortest.
A specimen from Guiana, in the collection of Mr. G. N. Lawrence, is exactly similar to No. 24887, except that the white of the lower parts and lining of the wing are tinged with fulvous.
Iam not positive that these specimens represent the true G. jar- dinit of Bonaparte, since there are several minor discrepancies between his description of that species and the characters of the birds here described. Considering, however, that they correspond quite closely with the description cited, and that. they are from the same locality as the type, I prefer retaining, provisionally at least, the name given above, to risking a new one on uncertain grounds.
Specimens examined. National Museum, 2; Philad. Acad., 4; G. N. Lawrence, 1. ‘Total, 7.
5. Glaucidium ferrugineum.
Strix ferruginea Max., Reis. Bras. 1, 105; 1820; Trav. Bras., p. 88; Beitr. 11, 234. — Temm., Pl. Col. 199. — Lath., Gen. Hist. I, 373.
Noctua ferruginea Steph., Zool. xu, pt. 2, p. 69. — Less., Man. Orn. 1, 111; Tr. Orn., 104. — Cuv., Reo. An. ed. 2, 1, 346. — Tschudi., Av. Consp. Weigm. Archiv. 1844, 267; Faun. Per., pp: Lo Ue7.
Surnia ferruginea Bonap., Oss. Cuv., Reg. An., p. 56; Isis, 1833, 1053.
Athene ferruginea Gray, Gen. B. fol. sp. 17; List B. Brit. Mus., p. 92. — Bonap., Consp. Av., p. 38. — Strickl., Orn. Syn. 1, 162; 1855.
Glaucidium ferruginea Kaup, Mon. Strig. Cont. Orn. 1852, 104. — Burm., Thier. Bras. t1, 141, 146.— Caban., Ueb. Berl. Mus. 1869, 206.— Coues., Am. Nat. v1, 370 (Arizona). Jd. Key.
~ 1872, 206. ?Athene nana (King) Gray, Gen. 1844, pl. viz. (Normal plumage.) Hab. Whole of eastern South America, and Central America (both coasts) northwards into southern border of U. S., (Arizona. Bendire; probably entire southern border!).
1873. 101 [Ridgway.
Description.
Adult male (23792, Mazatlan, Mexico; J. Xantus). a. — Normal plumage.
Upper surface umber-brown, more ashy anteriorly — posteriorly more brownish. Head above, with a few narrow longitudinal lines of yellowish white, anteriorly and laterally; a quite distinct collar of whitish spots across the nape, the black lateral spaces rather indis- tinct. Scapulars with a few conspicuous oval spots of pure white; two lower feathers of secondary coverts, each with a similar spot on outer web. Secondaries darker brown, crossed with five bands of dull rufous, the last not terminal; outer webs of primaries with semi- circular pale spots along the margin, which are nearly white beyond the sinuation of the feathers, and brownish anteriorly. Tail bright rufous, crossed with about seven distinct bands of dark brown, these hardly equalling the rufous in width, which is also terminal. Longi- tudinal stripes of the sides, of the same soft grayish brown tint as the head; tarsi sparsely speckled with the same on outer side. Wing-formula 4, 5, 8-6-7, 2, 8; 1st shortest. Wing, 3.70; tail,